Zhang Liqiang, Zhao Zehang, Jiang Bailing, Baoyin Bate, Cui Zhengguo, Wang Hongyu, Li Qiuzhu, Cui Jinhu
College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
Microorganisms. 2024 Aug 15;12(8):1683. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12081683.
Soil acidification is a global environmental problem with significant impacts on agricultural production, environmental protection, and ecosystem health. Soil acidification is widespread in China, affecting crop yields, agricultural product quality, and biodiversity. Since the 1980s, much work has been done on acidic soils in China, but it is controversial whether excessive nitrogen fertilizer application can lead to soil acidification mechanisms. To address the above issues, we conducted a meta-analysis of 115 published papers to integrate and analyze the effects of N fertilizer application on soil acidification and biological properties from 1980 to 2024. We also quantified the effect of nitrogen fertilization on soil acidification and biological changes under different climatic conditions. The results showed that under long-term application of nitrogen fertilizers in China from 1980 to 2024, soil pH decreased by an average of 15.27%, and the activities of soil urease, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, catalase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and glutamate synthetase decreased by an average of 9.82-22.37%. The soil microbial community richness (Chao1 index) increased by 6.53%, but the community diversity (Shannon index) decreased by 15.42%. Among the dominant soil microorganisms, the relative abundance of bacteria decreased by an average of 9.67-29.38% and the abundance of gene expression of , , , and decreased by 9.92-19.83%. In addition, we found that the mean annual temperature and rainfall impacted soil acidification via their effect on soil microbial diversity and community composition. This study provides a scientific basis for an in-depth understanding of the spatial and temporal variation of soil acidification and biological properties in China.
土壤酸化是一个全球性环境问题，对农业生产、环境保护和生态系统健康有着重大影响。土壤酸化在中国广泛存在，影响作物产量、农产品质量和生物多样性。自20世纪80年代以来，中国在酸性土壤方面开展了大量工作，但过量施用氮肥是否会导致土壤酸化机制仍存在争议。为解决上述问题，我们对115篇已发表论文进行了荟萃分析，以整合和分析1980年至2024年氮肥施用对土壤酸化和生物学性质的影响。我们还量化了不同气候条件下氮肥施用对土壤酸化和生物变化的影响。结果表明，1980年至2024年中国长期施用氮肥的情况下，土壤pH平均下降了15.27%，土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、过氧化氢酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶和谷氨酸合成酶的活性平均下降了9.82%-22.37%。土壤微生物群落丰富度（Chao1指数）增加了6.53%，但群落多样性（Shannon指数）下降了15.42%。在主要土壤微生物中，细菌的相对丰度平均下降了9.67%-29.38%，[此处原文缺失部分基因名称]的基因表达丰度下降了9.92%-19.83%。此外，我们发现年均温度和降雨量通过对土壤微生物多样性和群落组成的影响来影响土壤酸化。本研究为深入了解中国土壤酸化和生物学性质的时空变化提供了科学依据。
