Kalidindi Yuktesh, Ganapathy Aravinda Krishna, Cunningham Liam, Lovato Adriene, Albers Brian, Shetty Anup S, Ballard David H
School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Micromachines (Basel). 2024 Jul 31;15(8):992. doi: 10.3390/mi15080992.
Medical Imaging Phantoms (MIPs) calibrate imaging devices, train medical professionals, and can help procedural planning. Traditional MIPs are costly and limited in customization. Additive manufacturing allows for customizable, patient-specific phantoms. This study examines the CT attenuation characteristics of contrast-injectable, chambered 3D-printed phantoms to optimize tissue-mimicking capabilities. A MIP was constructed from a CT of a complex pelvic tumor near the iliac bifurcation. A 3D reconstruction of these structures composed of three chambers (aorta, inferior vena cava, tumor) with ports for contrast injection was 3D printed. Desired attenuations were 200 HU (arterial I), 150 HU (venous I), 40 HU (tumor I), 150 HU (arterial II), 90 HU (venous II), and 400 HU (tumor II). Solutions of Optiray 350 and water were injected, and the phantom was scanned on CT. Attenuations were measured using ROIs. Mean attenuation for the six phases was as follows: 37.49 HU for tumor I, 200.50 HU for venous I, 227.92 HU for arterial I, 326.20 HU for tumor II, 91.32 HU for venous II, and 132.08 HU for arterial II. Although the percent differences between observed and goal attenuation were high, the observed relative HU differences between phases were similar to goal HU differences. The observed attenuations reflected the relative concentrations of contrast solutions used, exhibiting a strong positive correlation with contrast concentration. The contrast-injectable tumor phantom exhibited a useful physiologic range of attenuation values, enabling the modification of tissue-mimicking 3D-printed phantoms even after the manufacturing process.
医学成像体模（MIPs）用于校准成像设备、培训医学专业人员，并有助于手术规划。传统的MIPs成本高昂且定制受限。增材制造能够制造可定制的、针对患者的体模。本研究考察了可注射造影剂的带腔3D打印体模的CT衰减特性，以优化组织模拟能力。一个MIP由髂总动脉分叉处附近复杂盆腔肿瘤的CT图像构建而成。对这些结构进行三维重建，其由三个腔室（主动脉、下腔静脉、肿瘤）组成，并带有用于注射造影剂的端口，然后进行3D打印。期望的衰减值为200 HU（动脉I）、150 HU（静脉I）、40 HU（肿瘤I）、150 HU（动脉II）、90 HU（静脉II）和400 HU（肿瘤II）。注入碘佛醇350和水的混合溶液后，对该体模进行CT扫描。使用感兴趣区（ROIs）测量衰减值。六个阶段的平均衰减值如下：肿瘤I为37.49 HU，静脉I为200.50 HU，动脉I为227.92 HU，肿瘤II为326.20 HU，静脉II为91.32 HU，动脉II为132.08 HU。尽管观察到的衰减值与目标衰减值之间的百分比差异较大，但各阶段观察到的HU相对差异与目标HU差异相似。观察到的衰减值反映了所用造影剂溶液的相对浓度，与造影剂浓度呈强正相关。这种可注射造影剂的肿瘤体模展现出了有用的生理衰减值范围，即使在制造过程之后，也能够对模拟组织的3D打印体模进行修改。
