Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15898 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 6;16(16):2592. doi: 10.3390/nu16162592.
Food allergy, referred to as the atypical physiological overreaction of the immune system after exposure to specific food components, is considered one of the major concerns in food safety. The prevalence of this emerging worldwide problem has been increasing during the last decades, especially in industrialized countries, being estimated to affect 6-8% of young children and about 2-4% of adults. Marine organisms are an important source of bioactive substances with the potential to functionally improve the immune system, reduce food allergy sensitization and development, and even have an anti-allergic action in food allergy. The present investigation aims to be a comprehensive report of marine bioactive compounds with verified actions to improve food allergy and identified mechanisms of actions rather than be an exhaustive compilation of all investigations searching beneficial effects of marine compounds in FA. Particularly, this research highlights the capacity of bioactive components extracted from marine microbial, animal, algae, and microalgae sources, such as -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), polysaccharide, oligosaccharide, chondroitin, vitamin D, peptides, pigments, and polyphenols, to regulate the immune system, epigenetic regulation, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis that are essential factors in the sensitization and effector phases of food allergy. In conclusion, the marine ecosystem is an excellent source to provide foods with the capacity to improve the hypersensitivity induced against specific food allergens and also bioactive compounds with a potential pharmacological aptitude to be applied as anti-allergenic in food allergy.
食物过敏，是指免疫系统在接触特定食物成分后出现的非典型生理过度反应，被认为是食品安全的主要关注点之一。在过去几十年中，这个全球性的新问题的患病率一直在增加，尤其是在工业化国家，估计有 6-8%的幼儿和 2-4%的成年人受到影响。海洋生物是具有潜在功能改善免疫系统、减少食物过敏致敏和发展，甚至在食物过敏中具有抗过敏作用的生物活性物质的重要来源。本研究旨在全面报告具有验证作用的海洋生物活性化合物，以改善食物过敏，并确定作用机制，而不是对所有研究进行详尽汇编，以寻找海洋化合物对 FA 的有益作用。特别是，这项研究强调了从海洋微生物、动物、藻类和微藻来源提取的生物活性成分的能力，如 -3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）、多糖、寡糖、软骨素、维生素 D、肽、色素和多酚，以调节免疫系统、表观遗传调控、炎症和肠道菌群失调，这些都是食物过敏致敏和效应阶段的重要因素。总之，海洋生态系统是提供具有改善针对特定食物过敏原的过敏反应能力的食物以及具有潜在药物潜力的生物活性化合物的极好来源，可作为食物过敏的抗过敏剂。
