Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 14;16(16):2705. doi: 10.3390/nu16162705.
Promoting optimal nutrition in pregnant and lactating women is crucial for maternal and infant health. This study evaluated their nutritional status and dietary habits, assessing macro and micronutrient intake based on recommendations. A descriptive study with Spanish participants examined social, obstetric, dietary, and anthropometric data using quantitative and qualitative methods. The analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography revealed significant variability, with notable deviations in specific fatty acids like C:10:0 and C:12:0. Despite some differences, the overall composition aligns with standards. During pregnancy, 53.8% consumed five meals/day. Grilling (92.3%) and baking (76.9%) were common. Food consumption frequency differed from recommendations. Lactating mothers' mean energy intake was 2575.88 kcal/day ± 730.59 standard deviation (SD), with 45% from carbohydrates and 40% from lipids, including 37.16 g ± 10.43 of saturated fatty acids. Diets during pregnancy lacked fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and cereals. Lactating mothers partially met nutritional objectives, with an energy distribution skewed towards lipids and deficiencies in calcium, iodine, vitamin D, E, and folic acid. Promoting proper nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is essential to safeguard health and prevent chronic diseases.
促进孕妇和哺乳期妇女的最佳营养对于母婴健康至关重要。本研究评估了她们的营养状况和饮食习惯，根据建议评估了宏量和微量营养素的摄入量。一项使用定量和定性方法的西班牙参与者的描述性研究，考察了社会、产科、饮食和人体测量数据。通过气相色谱法分析脂肪酸显示出显著的可变性，C:10:0 和 C:12:0 等特定脂肪酸的偏差明显。尽管存在一些差异，但总体组成符合标准。在怀孕期间，53.8%的人每天吃五餐。烧烤（92.3%）和烘焙（76.9%）很常见。食物消费频率与建议不同。哺乳期母亲的平均能量摄入量为 2575.88 千卡/天±730.59 标准差（SD），其中 45%来自碳水化合物，40%来自脂肪，包括 37.16 克±10.43 克饱和脂肪酸。怀孕期间的饮食缺乏水果、蔬菜、豆类、坚果和谷物。哺乳期母亲部分达到了营养目标，但能量分布偏向脂肪，钙、碘、维生素 D、E 和叶酸不足。在怀孕和哺乳期间促进适当的营养对于保障健康和预防慢性病至关重要。
