Department of Health and Human Performance, Norwich University, Northfield, VT 05663, USA.
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 17;16(16):2746. doi: 10.3390/nu16162746.
Warfighters, often called tactical athletes, seek dietary supplementation to enhance training and recovery. Roughly 69% of active-duty US military personnel have reported consuming dietary supplements. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of dietary supplements on muscle-related physical performance and recovery in active-duty military personnel.
Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental controlled trials of oral dietary supplementation in active-duty military members were examined. A protocol was registered (PROSPERO CRD42023401472), and a systematic search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies published between 1990-2023 with outcomes of muscle performance and recovery among active-duty military populations. The risk of bias was assessed with the McMaster University Guidelines and Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies.
Sixteen studies were included. Four were conducted on protein or carbohydrate; four on beta-alanine alone, creatine alone, or in combination; two on mixed nutritional supplements; two on probiotics alone or in combination with beta hydroxy-beta methylbutyrate calcium; and four on phytonutrient extracts including oregano, beetroot juice, quercetin, and resveratrol. Ten examined outcomes related to physical performance, and six on outcomes of injury or recovery. Overall, protein, carbohydrate, beta-alanine, creatine, and beetroot juice modestly improved performance, while quercetin did not. Protein, carbohydrates, beta-alanine, probiotics, and oregano reduced markers of inflammation, while resveratrol did not.
Nutrition supplementation may have small benefits on muscle performance and recovery in warfighters. However, there are significant limitations in interpretation due to the largely inconsistent evidence of ingredients and comparable outcomes. Thus, there is inadequate practical evidence to suggest how dietary supplementation may affect field performance.
战斗人员，通常被称为战术运动员，寻求膳食补充剂以增强训练和恢复。大约 69%的现役美军人员报告说他们在服用膳食补充剂。本系统评价的目的是检查膳食补充剂对现役军人肌肉相关身体表现和恢复的影响。
检查了现役军人中口服膳食补充剂的随机对照试验和准实验对照试验。制定了协议（PROSPERO CRD42023401472），并对 MEDLINE 和 CINAHL 进行了系统搜索。纳入标准包括 1990-2023 年间发表的研究，以及现役军人肌肉表现和恢复的结果。使用麦克马斯特大学指南和定量研究关键评论表评估偏倚风险。
纳入了 16 项研究。其中 4 项研究了蛋白质或碳水化合物；4 项研究了单独的β-丙氨酸、肌酸或两者的组合；2 项研究了混合营养补充剂；2 项研究了单独的益生菌或与β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸钙的组合；4 项研究了植物营养素提取物，包括牛至、甜菜根汁、槲皮素和白藜芦醇。其中 10 项研究了与身体表现相关的结果，6 项研究了与损伤或恢复相关的结果。总的来说，蛋白质、碳水化合物、β-丙氨酸、肌酸和甜菜根汁适度地提高了表现，而槲皮素则没有。蛋白质、碳水化合物、β-丙氨酸、益生菌和牛至减少了炎症标志物，而白藜芦醇则没有。
营养补充剂可能对战斗人员的肌肉表现和恢复有小的益处。然而，由于成分和可比结果的证据大多不一致，解释存在很大的局限性。因此，没有足够的实际证据表明膳食补充剂如何影响野外表现。
