School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200025, China.
College of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, No. 279 Zhouzhu Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201318, China.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 20;16(16):2774. doi: 10.3390/nu16162774.
Natural polyamines, including spermidine (SPD), spermine (SPM) and putrescine (PUT), are evolutionarily conserved endogenous molecules crucially involved in central cellular processes. Their physiological importance may extend to the maintenance of cognitive function during aging. However, limited population-based epidemiological studies have explored the link between dietary polyamines and dementia risk. This study was a prospective analysis of 77,092 UK Biobank participants aged ≥ 60 years without dementia at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to explore the associations between dietary polyamines and the risk of dementia, and restricted cubic splines to test the non-linear relationships. During a median follow-up of 12 years, 1087 incidents of all-cause dementia cases occurred, including 450 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and 206 vascular dementia (VD) cases. The fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the upper fourth quintile of dietary SPD, in comparison with the lowest quintile of intake, were 0.68 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.66-0.83) for the risk of all-cause dementia, 0.62 (95% CI: 0.45-0.85) for AD and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.36-0.88) for VD, respectively. A 26% reduction in dementia risk [HR: 0.74, (95% CI: 0.61-0.89)] and a 47% reduction in AD [HR: 0.53, (95%CI: 0.39-0.72)] were observed comparing the third with the lowest quintiles of dietary SPM. Dietary PUT was only associated with a reduced risk of all-cause dementia in the fourth quintile [HR (95% CI): 0.82 (0.68-0.99)]. Reduced risk was not found to be significant across all quintiles. There were 'U'-shaped relationships found between dietary polyamines and all-cause dementia, AD and VD. Stratification by genetic predisposition showed no significant effect modification. Optimal intake of polyamines was linked to a decreased risk of dementia, with no modification by genetic risk. This potentially suggests cognitive benefits of dietary natural polyamines in humans.
天然多胺，包括亚精胺（SPD）、精胺（SPM）和腐胺（PUT），是进化上保守的内源性分子，对细胞的中央过程至关重要。它们的生理重要性可能延伸到衰老过程中认知功能的维持。然而，有限的基于人群的流行病学研究探索了饮食多胺与痴呆风险之间的联系。这项研究是对 77092 名年龄≥60 岁且基线时无痴呆的英国生物库参与者的前瞻性分析。我们使用 Cox 比例风险回归模型来探索饮食多胺与痴呆风险之间的关联，并使用限制性立方样条来检验非线性关系。在中位数为 12 年的随访期间，共发生了 1087 例全因痴呆病例，包括 450 例阿尔茨海默病（AD）病例和 206 例血管性痴呆（VD）病例。与最低五分位数摄入量相比，饮食 SPD 最高四分位数的全因痴呆风险的调整后完全危险比（HR）分别为 0.68（95%置信区间[95%CI]：0.66-0.83）、0.62（95%CI：0.45-0.85）和 0.56（95%CI：0.36-0.88）。与最低五分位数相比，饮食 SPM 的第三五分位数和最高五分位数分别观察到痴呆风险降低 26%[HR：0.74（95%CI：0.61-0.89）]和 AD 降低 47%[HR：0.53（95%CI：0.39-0.72）]。饮食 PUT 仅与第四五分位数的全因痴呆风险降低相关[HR（95%CI）：0.82（0.68-0.99）]。在所有五分位数中，风险降低均不显著。在饮食多胺与全因痴呆、AD 和 VD 之间发现了“U”型关系。遗传易感性分层未显示出显著的效应修饰作用。多胺的最佳摄入量与痴呆风险降低有关，遗传风险无修饰作用。这可能表明饮食天然多胺对人类认知有益。
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