Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 21;16(16):2792. doi: 10.3390/nu16162792.
Although whole grains have well-recognized protective effects against the development of cardiometabolic diseases, whole grain foods are poorly consumed by the general population. The aim of our study was to establish, at a population level, the vascular impact of a low intake of whole grain foods. From the initial cohort of the Brisighella Heart Study, we identified a population sample of 1503 individuals-including 720 men (47.9%) and 783 women (52.1%)-who overall largely consumed refined grain products. Diet quality was estimated by the Short Healthy Eating Index (sHEI), and women were found to have an eating pattern that was overall healthier than men (44.1 ± 8.5 vs. 36.3 ± 8.1, < 0.001). The development of an age- and blood pressure (BP)-adjusted multiple linear regression model found that carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was significantly predicted by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, B = -0.148, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.259--0.038, < 0.001), serum uric acid (SUA, B = 0.220, 95%CI 0.095-0.320, = 0.001) and sHEI (B = -0.231, 95%CI -327--0.089, < 0.001) in men, and by eGFR (B = -0.152, 95%CI -0.266--0.052, < 0.001), body mass index (BMI, B = 0.174, 95%CI 0.111-0.331, = 0.002), SUA (B = 0.278, 95%CI 0.158-0.354, < 0.001) and sHEI (B = -0.218, 95%CI -308--0.115, < 0.001) in women. Ultimately, a low sHEI score was a significant predictor of arterial stiffness also in a population cohort with a high consumption of refined grain products.
尽管全谷物对预防心血管代谢疾病有公认的保护作用，但全谷物食品的摄入量却很低。我们的研究目的是在人群水平上确定低摄入全谷物食品对血管的影响。在 Brisighella 心脏研究的初始队列中，我们确定了一个人群样本，包括 1503 名个体，其中 720 名男性（47.9%）和 783 名女性（52.1%），他们总体上主要食用精制谷物产品。饮食质量通过短期健康饮食指数（sHEI）来评估，结果发现女性的饮食模式总体上比男性更健康（44.1±8.5 比 36.3±8.1，<0.001）。建立一个年龄和血压（BP）调整的多元线性回归模型发现，颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波速度（cfPWV）与估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR，B=-0.148，95%置信区间（CI）-0.259--0.038，<0.001）、血清尿酸（SUA，B=0.220，95%CI 0.095-0.320，=0.001）和 sHEI（B=-0.231，95%CI -327--0.089，<0.001）呈显著负相关，而在男性中，eGFR（B=-0.152，95%CI -0.266--0.052，<0.001）、体重指数（BMI，B=0.174，95%CI 0.111-0.331，=0.002）、SUA（B=0.278，95%CI 0.158-0.354，<0.001）和 sHEI（B=-0.218，95%CI -308--0.115，<0.001）也是如此。最终，即使在一个精制谷物产品摄入量高的人群队列中，低 sHEI 评分也是动脉僵硬的一个显著预测因素。
