Internal Medicine Unit/Jaen University Hospital, Jaen.
CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Curr Opin Cardiol. 2022 Jul 1;37(4):343-349. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000960.
The basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) inevitably involves lifestyle modification, including dietary pattern (DP). The aim of this review is to address the different models of healthy DP with their peculiarities and nutritional components as well as their importance in the management of CVD.
Classical cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes are strongly influenced by diet and physical activity. However, current evidence supports the role of emerging risk factors such as inflammatory status, oxidative stress and endothelial function in the development of CVD. Likewise, recent evidence explores how healthy DP can modulate CVD risk through these risk factors.
Although the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is the paradigm of the healthy DP in the light of current scientific evidence, there are other DP that we should be aware of due to their results in epidemiological studies, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses on CVD risk modulation. The best-analysed DP are the MedDiet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Nordic DP, the Vegetarian DP, the Portfolio DP, the Low-carbohydrate DP and the Planetary Health diet initiative.
心血管疾病（CVD）的预防和治疗基础不可避免地涉及生活方式的改变，包括饮食模式（DP）。本综述的目的是讨论不同的健康 DP 模式及其特点和营养成分，以及它们在 CVD 管理中的重要性。
高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病等典型心血管危险因素受饮食和体力活动的强烈影响。然而，目前的证据支持新兴危险因素如炎症状态、氧化应激和内皮功能在 CVD 发展中的作用。同样，最近的证据也探讨了健康 DP 如何通过这些危险因素来调节 CVD 风险。
尽管地中海饮食（MedDiet）是目前科学证据中健康 DP 的典范，但由于其在流行病学研究、随机临床试验（RCT）和 CVD 风险调节的荟萃分析中的结果，我们还应该注意其他 DP。分析最多的 DP 是 MedDiet、停止高血压的饮食方法（DASH）、北欧 DP、素食 DP、投资组合 DP、低碳水化合物 DP 和行星健康饮食倡议。
