Kumar Arun, Murugan Ratnesh, Donkatti Satishchandra, Sharma Deepa, Kaundal Nirmal, Avagyan Tigran, Kumar Pawan, Bahl Sunil, Khanal Sudhir, Bura Vinod
World Health Organization, National Public Health Support Network, Country Office, New Delhi 110029, India.
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi 110011, India.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Aug 22;12(8):941. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12080941.
The Government of India, in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), established the National Polio Surveillance Project (NPSP) in 1997 and initiated acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance to achieve the goal of polio eradication. The WHO South-East Asia Region, comprising of 11 countries, including India, was certified as polio-free in March 2014. India was also validated to have eliminated maternal and neonatal tetanus in May 2015. Over the years, the surveillance of other vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) was integrated with AFP surveillance in the country. Outbreak-based measles-rubella (MR) surveillance was initiated in 2005 using AFP surveillance as a platform, case-based fever-rash (FR) surveillance started in 2021 as one of the strategies to achieve measles and rubella elimination in the country. The surveillance of diphtheria, pertussis, and neonatal tetanus was integrated with AFP surveillance in a phased manner during 2015-2022. The surveillance system for VPDs in India, supported by a laboratory network of 10 polio laboratories, 28 measles-rubella laboratories, and 20 diphtheria-pertussis laboratories, has enhanced the national health capacity and security. The setting up and expansion of the surveillance system in the country involved the important component of capacity building of personnel on various components of surveillance, including case identification, case investigation, sample collection and shipment, data analysis and public health response. These capacities have been used effectively during other emergencies, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, as well as during outbreaks of other diseases and natural calamities.
印度政府与世界卫生组织（WHO）合作，于1997年设立了国家脊髓灰质炎监测项目（NPSP），并启动了急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）监测，以实现根除脊髓灰质炎的目标。包括印度在内的由11个国家组成的WHO东南亚区域于2014年3月被认证为无脊髓灰质炎地区。印度还于2015年5月被确认消除了孕产妇和新生儿破伤风。多年来，该国将其他疫苗可预防疾病（VPD）的监测与AFP监测相结合。2005年以AFP监测为平台启动了基于疫情的麻疹-风疹（MR）监测，2021年启动了基于病例的发热出疹（FR）监测，作为该国实现消除麻疹和风疹的策略之一。2015 - 2022年期间，白喉、百日咳和新生儿破伤风的监测分阶段与AFP监测相结合。印度VPD监测系统由10个脊髓灰质炎实验室、28个麻疹-风疹实验室和20个白喉-百日咳实验室组成的实验室网络提供支持，增强了国家卫生能力和安全性。该国监测系统的建立和扩展涉及人员在监测各个环节的能力建设这一重要组成部分，包括病例识别、病例调查、样本采集与运送、数据分析以及公共卫生应对。这些能力在其他紧急情况期间，如近期的COVID - 19大流行，以及其他疾病暴发和自然灾害期间得到了有效利用。
