Biological Control of Stem Rot of Groundnut Induced by sacc.

Stem rot of groundnut ( L.) caused by is the main threat to groundnut production, causing significant economic losses. The present study aims to provide an overview of the potentiality of (Tv), (Th), (Pf), and (Bs), applied either individually or in mixed combination, against (isolate SrBKN). The treatment with and resulted in the highest mycelial growth inhibition (79.61, 83.51, and 86.77%), followed by and (75.74, 79.63, and 83.14%). Under in vitro conditions, the combination of bio-agents at 5% culture filtrate proved to be superior against the test pathogen. Seed treatment and soil application of and at 10 (5 + 5) g kg + 10 (5 + 5) kg ha, followed by seed treatment and soil application of and at 10 (5 + 5) g kg + 10 (5 + 5) kg ha, resulted in the lowest disease incidence (7.40 and 8.0%), highest disease control (69.37 and 66.88%), maximum dry weight (151 and 147 g plant), highest increase in dry weight (75.58 and 70.93), highest pod yield (2665 and 2498 kg ha), and highest increase in pod yield (96.38 and 84.08%) under in vivo conditions. We present an effective bio-control-based management module from the lab to the field for the successful control of groundnut stem rot caused by . Based on the results, it is concluded that the dual formulation of and , followed by and , were the most effective BCAs in suppressing the . Therefore, an integrated disease management module with these BCAs needs to be developed and validated with a farmers' participatory mode under field conditions.