Tong Yifan, Yuan Jiaqi, Li Zhenguang, Deng Cuijun, Cheng Yu
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Aug 21;16(8):1095. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081095.
Osteochondral defect is a complex tissue loss disease caused by arthritis, high-energy trauma, and many other reasons. Due to the unique structural characteristics of osteochondral tissue, the repair process is sophisticated and involves the regeneration of both hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone. However, the current clinical treatments often fall short of achieving the desired outcomes. Tissue engineering bioscaffolds, especially those created via three-dimensional (3D) printing, offer promising solutions for osteochondral defects due to their precisely controllable 3D structures. The microstructure of 3D-printed bioscaffolds provides an excellent physical environment for cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as nutrient transport. Traditional 3D-printed bioscaffolds offer mere physical stimulation, while drug-loaded 3D bioscaffolds accelerate the tissue repair process by synergistically combining drug therapy with physical stimulation. In this review, the physiological characteristics of osteochondral tissue and current treatments of osteochondral defect were reviewed. Subsequently, the latest progress in drug-loaded bioscaffolds was discussed and highlighted in terms of classification, characteristics, and applications. The perspectives of scaffold design, drug control release, and biosafety were also discussed. We hope this article will serve as a valuable reference for the design and development of osteochondral regenerative bioscaffolds and pave the way for the use of drug-loaded bioscaffolds in clinical therapy.
骨软骨缺损是一种由关节炎、高能创伤等多种原因引起的复杂组织缺失性疾病。由于骨软骨组织独特的结构特征，其修复过程十分复杂，涉及透明软骨和软骨下骨的再生。然而，目前的临床治疗往往难以达到预期效果。组织工程生物支架，尤其是通过三维（3D）打印制造的生物支架，因其具有精确可控的三维结构，为骨软骨缺损提供了有前景的解决方案。3D打印生物支架的微观结构为细胞黏附、增殖以及营养物质运输提供了良好的物理环境。传统的3D打印生物支架仅提供物理刺激，而载药3D生物支架通过将药物治疗与物理刺激协同结合，加速了组织修复过程。在本综述中，我们回顾了骨软骨组织的生理特征以及目前骨软骨缺损的治疗方法。随后，从分类、特点和应用等方面讨论并强调了载药生物支架的最新进展。还讨论了支架设计、药物控释和生物安全性等方面的前景。我们希望本文能为骨软骨再生生物支架的设计与开发提供有价值的参考，并为载药生物支架在临床治疗中的应用铺平道路。
