Li Liangrong, Jiang Wendan, Yang Xiaozhe, Meng Yundong, Hu Peng, Huang Cheng, Liu Feng
Fuzhou Medical School, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, China.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Aug 16;16(16):2315. doi: 10.3390/polym16162315.
Polyimide (PI) films are well recognized for their outstanding chemical resistance, radiation resistance, thermal properties, and mechanical strength, rendering them highly valuable in advanced fields such as aerospace, sophisticated electronic components, and semiconductors. However, improving their optical transparency while maintaining excellent thermal properties remains a significant challenge. This review systematically checks over recent advancements in enhancing the optical and thermal performance of PI films, focusing on various strategies through molecular design. These strategies include optimizing the main chain, side chain, non-coplanar structures, and endcap groups. Rigid and flexible structural characteristics in the proper combination can contribute to the balance thermal stability and optical transparency. Introducing fluorinated substituents and bulky side groups significantly reduces the formation of charge transfer complexes, enhancing both transparency and thermal properties. Non-coplanar structures, such as spiro and cardo configurations, further improve the optical properties while maintaining thermal stability. Future research trends include nanoparticle doping, intrinsic microporous PI polymers, photosensitive polyimides, machine learning-assisted molecular design, and metal coating techniques, which are expected to further enhance the comprehensive optical and thermal performance of PI films and expand their applications in flexible displays, solar cells, and high-performance electronic devices. Overall, systematic molecular design and optimization have significantly improved the optical and thermal performance of PI films, showing broad application prospects. This review aims to provide researchers with valuable references, stimulate more innovative research and applications, and promote the deep integration of PI films into modern technology and industry.
聚酰亚胺（PI）薄膜因其出色的耐化学性、耐辐射性、热性能和机械强度而广为人知，使其在航空航天、精密电子元件和半导体等先进领域具有很高的价值。然而，在保持优异热性能的同时提高其光学透明度仍然是一项重大挑战。本综述系统地审视了提高PI薄膜光学和热性能的最新进展，重点关注通过分子设计的各种策略。这些策略包括优化主链、侧链、非共面结构和封端基团。刚性和柔性结构特征的适当组合有助于平衡热稳定性和光学透明度。引入氟化取代基和庞大的侧基可显著减少电荷转移络合物的形成，提高透明度和热性能。非共面结构，如螺环和咔唑构型，在保持热稳定性的同时进一步改善光学性能。未来的研究趋势包括纳米粒子掺杂、固有微孔PI聚合物、光敏聚酰亚胺、机器学习辅助分子设计和金属涂层技术，有望进一步提高PI薄膜的综合光学和热性能，并扩大其在柔性显示器、太阳能电池和高性能电子器件中的应用。总体而言，系统的分子设计和优化显著提高了PI薄膜的光学和热性能，展现出广阔的应用前景。本综述旨在为研究人员提供有价值的参考，激发更多创新研究和应用，并推动PI薄膜与现代技术和产业的深度融合。
