Moncada Danny, Bouza Rebeca, Rico Maite, Rodríguez-Llamazares Saddys, Pettinelli Natalia, Aragón-Herrera Alana, Feijóo-Bandín Sandra, Gualillo Oreste, Lago Francisca, Farrag Yousof, Salavagione Horacio
CITENI, Grupo de Polímeros, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain.
Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados, Edificio Laboratorio CIPA, Av. Collao 1202, Concepción 4051381, Chile.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Aug 19;16(16):2345. doi: 10.3390/polym16162345.
In this work, physically crosslinked injectable hydrogels based on carrageenan, locust bean gum, and gelatin, and mechanically nano-reinforced with green graphene oxide (GO), were developed to address the challenge of finding materials with a good balance between injectability and mechanical properties. The effect of GO content on the rheological and mechanical properties, injectability, swelling behavior, and biocompatibility of the nanocomposite hydrogels was studied. The hydrogels' morphology, assessed by FE-SEM, showed a homogeneous porous architecture separated by thin walls for all the GO loadings investigated. The rheology measurements evidence that G' > G″ over the whole frequency range, indicating the dominant elastic nature of the hydrogels and the difference between G' over G″ depends on the GO content. The GO incorporation into the biopolymer network enhanced the mechanical properties (ca. 20%) without appreciable change in the injectability of the nanocomposite hydrogels, demonstrating the success of the approach described in this work. In addition, the injectable hydrogels with GO loadings ≤0.05% / exhibit negligible toxicity for 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. However, it is noted that loadings over 0.25% / may affect the cell proliferation rate. Therefore, the nano-reinforced injectable hybrid hydrogels reported here, developed with a fully sustainable approach, have a promising future as potential materials for use in tissue repair.
在这项工作中，基于角叉菜胶、刺槐豆胶和明胶开发了物理交联的可注射水凝胶，并用绿色氧化石墨烯（GO）进行机械纳米增强，以应对寻找在可注射性和机械性能之间取得良好平衡的材料这一挑战。研究了GO含量对纳米复合水凝胶的流变学和机械性能、可注射性、溶胀行为和生物相容性的影响。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）评估的水凝胶形态显示，在所研究的所有GO负载量下，其均呈现出由薄壁分隔的均匀多孔结构。流变学测量结果表明，在整个频率范围内G' > G″，这表明水凝胶具有主要的弹性性质，且G'与G″的差值取决于GO含量。将GO掺入生物聚合物网络中增强了机械性能（约20%），而纳米复合水凝胶的可注射性没有明显变化，这证明了本工作中所述方法的成功。此外，GO负载量≤0.05%的可注射水凝胶对3T3-L1成纤维细胞的毒性可忽略不计。然而，需要注意的是，负载量超过0.25%可能会影响细胞增殖速率。因此，本文报道的采用完全可持续方法开发的纳米增强可注射混合水凝胶，作为用于组织修复的潜在材料具有广阔的前景。
