Alves Milla S S, Nascimento Natanael M, Pereira Luiz Antonio F M, Barbosa Thiago A, da Costa Claudio Hideo Martins, Guimarães Tiara M, Bezerra Aracy Camilla T P, Machado Deivid L
Campus Jatobá, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75804-020, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Aug 10;13(16):2217. doi: 10.3390/plants13162217.
Most soybean producers in the Cerrado biome use the direct seeding system, making it essential to cultivate cash or cover crops in the off-season, to promote soil protection, as well as increase organic matter, which is directly related to improvements in the chemical and physical characteristics of these soils. In this sense, this work was conducted in Jataí, state of Goias, Brazil, to evaluate the physical-chemical attributes of the soil and the performance of soybeans cultivated in different crop succession systems cultivated for 6 years in the region of Jataí, GO. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four plots and four replications; the crops that followed soybeans were arranged as follows: T1-corn (); T2-pearl millet (); T3-; and T4-corn + . Soybean yield components and grain yield were evaluated in two harvests (2020/2021 and 2021/2022). Deformed and undisturbed soil samples were collected in 2022 to assess soil fertility and for physical analysis. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test) and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. The soybean-millet succession system stood out for the chemical and physical attributes of the soil: calcium, magnesium, base saturation, hydrogen + aluminum, and total porosity. The crop succession system did not affect yield for the two years analyzed, but the accumulated grain yields were higher in the crop succession soybean/corn intercropped. The results highlight the importance of using cover crops in improving the physical and chemical qualities of the soil in the long term. However, in the Cerrado, there is a predominance of the soybean/corn succession system motivated by financial issues to the detriment of the qualitative aspects of the soil, in which the introduction of in intercropping with corn would improve the chemical attributes of the soil and have a long-term impact on the accumulated grain production.
塞拉多生物群落的大多数大豆生产者采用直播系统，因此在淡季种植经济作物或覆盖作物至关重要，这有助于促进土壤保护，增加土壤有机质，而土壤有机质与这些土壤的化学和物理特性的改善直接相关。从这个意义上说，这项研究在巴西戈亚斯州的雅泰进行，旨在评估雅泰地区不同作物轮作系统连续种植6年的土壤理化属性以及大豆的生长表现。试验设计采用随机区组设计，有4个小区和4次重复；大豆之后种植的作物安排如下：T1-玉米（）；T2-珍珠粟（）；T3-；T4-玉米+。在两次收获期（2020/2021年和2021/2022年）评估了大豆的产量构成因素和籽粒产量。2022年采集了变形和未扰动的土壤样本，以评估土壤肥力并进行物理分析。对数据进行方差分析（F检验），并使用Tukey检验在5%概率水平下比较均值。大豆-粟轮作系统在土壤的化学和物理属性方面表现突出：钙、镁、碱饱和度、氢+铝和总孔隙度。在所分析的两年中，作物轮作系统对产量没有影响，但大豆/玉米间作的作物轮作系统的累计籽粒产量更高。结果突出了长期使用覆盖作物对改善土壤理化性质的重要性。然而，在塞拉多地区，由于经济因素，大豆/玉米轮作系统占主导地位，这对土壤的质量方面不利，在玉米间作中引入 将改善土壤的化学属性，并对累计粮食产量产生长期影响。
