Chacon Francisco T, Raup-Konsavage Wesley M, Vrana Kent E, Kellogg Joshua J
Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Aug 10;13(16):2222. doi: 10.3390/plants13162222.
A variety of techniques have been developed to extract hemp phytochemicals for research and consumption. Some of the most common processes in the industry include supercritical CO extraction, hydrodistillation, and solvent-based (ethanol) extractions. Each of these processes has the potential to differentially extract various phytochemicals, which would impact their efficacy, tolerability, and safety. However, despite these differences, there has been no direct comparison of the methods and the resulting phytochemical composition. This work aimed to compare cannabinoid and terpene profiles using the three primary commercial procedures, using hemp inflorescence from a CBD/CBG dominant L. cultivar. Extracts were then evaluated for their terpene and cannabinoid content using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. Hydrodistilled extracts contained the most variety and abundance of terpenes with β-caryophyllene to be the most concentrated terpene (25-42 mg/g). Supercritical CO extracts displayed a minimal variety of terpenes, but the most variety and abundance of cannabinoids with CBD ranging from 12.8-20.6 mg/g. Ethanol extracts contained the most acidic cannabinoids with 3.2-4.1 mg/g of CBDA along with minor terpene levels. The resulting extracts demonstrated substantially different chemical profiles and highlight how the process used to extract hemp can play a large role in product composition and potential biological effects.
人们已经开发出多种技术来提取大麻植物化学物质用于研究和消费。该行业一些最常见的工艺包括超临界CO₂萃取、水蒸馏和溶剂（乙醇）萃取。这些工艺中的每一种都有可能不同程度地提取各种植物化学物质，这会影响它们的功效、耐受性和安全性。然而，尽管存在这些差异，但尚未对这些方法及其所得植物化学物质组成进行直接比较。这项工作旨在使用三种主要的商业程序，对来自以CBD/CBG为主的大麻品种花序的大麻素和萜烯谱进行比较。然后分别使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）和液相色谱-串联质谱仪（LC-MS/MS）对提取物的萜烯和大麻素含量进行评估。水蒸馏提取物中萜烯的种类和含量最多，其中β-石竹烯是最浓缩的萜烯（25-42毫克/克）。超临界CO₂提取物中萜烯的种类最少，但大麻素的种类和含量最多，CBD含量在12.8-20.6毫克/克之间。乙醇提取物中酸性大麻素含量最高，CBDA含量为3.2-4.1毫克/克，萜烯含量较低。所得提取物显示出显著不同的化学特征，并突出了用于提取大麻的工艺在产品成分和潜在生物效应中所起的重要作用。
