啤酒花和大麻中总抗氧化能力、大麻素与萜类化合物之间的关系

Relationship between Total Antioxidant Capacity, Cannabinoids and Terpenoids in Hops and Cannabis.

作者信息

Addo Philip Wiredu, Poudineh Zohreh, Shearer Michelle, Taylor Nichole, MacPherson Sarah, Raghavan Vijaya, Orsat Valérie, Lefsrud Mark

机构信息

Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.

Bloom Labs, 173 Dr Bernie MacDonald Drive, Bible Hill, NS B6L 2H5, Canada.

出版信息

Plants (Basel). 2023 Mar 8;12(6):1225. doi: 10.3390/plants12061225.

DOI:10.3390/plants12061225

PMID:36986914

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10056619/

Abstract

Efficient determination of antioxidant activity in medicinal plants may provide added value to extracts. The effects of postharvest pre-freezing and drying [microwave-assisted hot air (MAHD) and freeze drying] on hops and cannabis were evaluated to determine the relationship between antioxidant activity and secondary metabolites. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) reduction and ferric reducing ability of power (FRAP) assays were assessed for suitability in estimating the antioxidant activity of extracted hops and cannabis inflorescences and correlation with cannabinoid and terpene content. Antioxidant activity in extracts obtained from fresh, undried samples amounted to 3.6 Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC) (M) dry matter and 2.32 FRAP (M) dry matter for hops, in addition to 2.29 TEAC (M) dry matter and 0.25 FRAP (M) dry matter for cannabis. Pre-freezing significantly increased antioxidant values by 13% (DPPH) and 29.9% (FRAP) for hops, and by 7.7% (DPPH) and 19.4% (FRAP) for cannabis. ANOVA analyses showed a significant ( < 0.05) increase in total THC (24.2) and THCA (27.2) concentrations (g 100 g dry matter) in pre-frozen, undried samples compared to fresh, undried samples. Freeze-drying and MAHD significantly ( < 0.05) reduced antioxidant activity in hops by 79% and 80.2% [DPPH], respectively and 70.1% and 70.4% [FRAP], respectively, when compared to antioxidant activity in extracts obtained from pre-frozen, undried hops. DPPH assay showed that both freeze-drying and MAHD significantly ( < 0.05) reduced the antioxidant activity of cannabis by 60.5% compared to the pre-frozen samples although, there was no significant ( < 0.05) reduction in the antioxidant activity using the FRAP method. Greater THC content was measured in MAHD-samples when compared to fresh, undried (64.7%) and pre-frozen, undried (57%), likely because of decarboxylation. Both drying systems showed a significant loss in total terpene concentration, yet freeze-drying has a higher metabolite retention compared to MAHD. These results may prove useful for future experiments investigating antioxidant activity and added value to cannabis and hops.

摘要

高效测定药用植物中的抗氧化活性可为提取物增添价值。评估了采后预冷冻和干燥[微波辅助热风干燥（MAHD）和冷冻干燥]对啤酒花和大麻的影响，以确定抗氧化活性与次生代谢产物之间的关系。评估了2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）还原法和铁还原能力（FRAP）法在估计提取的啤酒花和大麻花序抗氧化活性以及与大麻素和萜烯含量相关性方面的适用性。从新鲜、未干燥样品中获得的提取物的抗氧化活性，啤酒花为3.6 Trolox当量抗氧化活性（TEAC）（M）干物质和2.32 FRAP（M）干物质，大麻为2.29 TEAC（M）干物质和0.25 FRAP（M）干物质。预冷冻使啤酒花的抗氧化值显著提高，DPPH法提高了13%，FRAP法提高了29.9%；大麻的DPPH法提高了7.7%，FRAP法提高了19.4%。方差分析表明，与新鲜、未干燥样品相比，预冷冻、未干燥样品中的总四氢大麻酚（THC）（24.2）和四氢大麻酚酸（THCA）（27.2）浓度（g/100 g干物质）显著增加（<0.05）。与从预冷冻、未干燥啤酒花中获得的提取物的抗氧化活性相比，冷冻干燥和MAHD分别使啤酒花的抗氧化活性显著降低（<0.05），DPPH法分别降低了79%和80.2%[DPPH]，FRAP法分别降低了70.1%和70.4%。DPPH法表明，与预冷冻样品相比，冷冻干燥和MAHD均使大麻的抗氧化活性显著降低（<0.05），降低了60.5%，不过，使用FRAP法时抗氧化活性没有显著降低（<0.05）。与新鲜、未干燥（64.7%）和预冷冻、未干燥（57%）的样品相比，MAHD样品中的THC含量更高，这可能是由于脱羧作用。两种干燥系统的总萜烯浓度均显著降低，但与MAHD相比，冷冻干燥的代谢物保留率更高。这些结果可能对未来研究大麻和啤酒花抗氧化活性及附加值的实验有用。