González-Villagra Jorge, Palacios-Peralta Cristóbal, Muñoz-Alarcón Ariel, Reyes-Díaz Marjorie, Osorio Pamela, Ribera-Fonseca Alejandra
Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco P.O. Box 15-D, Chile.
Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco P.O. Box 15-D, Chile.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Aug 14;13(16):2257. doi: 10.3390/plants13162257.
Plastic covers have been used to prevent environmental constraints negatively affecting sweet cherry production in Southern Chile. However, less information is available on agronomic practices and their effects on fruit quality in sweet cherry covered orchards. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the impact of fruit load regulation on cherries' antioxidant-related parameters and the quality and condition at harvest and postharvest in sweet cherry () cv. Regina that was cultivated under a plastic cover in Southern Chile. For this, four fruit load treatments were manually applied-(i) 100% fruit load (the control), (ii) 80% fruit load, (iii) 60% fruit load, and (iv) 40% fruit load-in a commercial sweet cherry orchard for two seasons (2021/2022 and 2022/2023). The results revealed that the yield and fruit load were not significantly different between the treatments. Interestingly, the 60% and 40% fruit loads increased the fresh weight, fruit size, and firmness (20.3%) compared to the control (the 100% fruit load) during both seasons. Likewise, the 60% and 40% fruit load treatments exhibited the highest fruit size distribution of 30 mm, while the 100 and 80% fruit load treatments showed the highest fruit distribution with fruit sizes between 28 mm and 24 mm. The total soluble solids (TSSs) did not vary among the fruit load treatments, while a significant increase was found in the titratable acidity (TA) in the 60 and 40% fruit load treatments during both seasons. No significant differences in antioxidant activity (AA) and total phenols (TPHs) among the treatments were observed during both seasons. Overall, the results revealed that the fruit load treatments, mainly 40%, increased the fruit weight and firmness and reduced pitting in fruits by 39.4% at postharvest. Thus, fruit thinning might be an important agronomical practice to regulate fruit load, positively affecting fruit quality at harvest and during postharvest storage in sweet cherry cv. Regina cultivated under a plastic cover. However, more biochemical and molecular studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism involved in this improvement.
塑料覆盖物已被用于防止环境限制因素对智利南部甜樱桃生产产生负面影响。然而，关于甜樱桃覆盖果园的农艺措施及其对果实品质的影响，相关信息较少。因此，在本研究中，我们评估了果实负载调控对甜樱桃（品种Regina）抗氧化相关参数以及收获时和采后果实品质和状况的影响。该品种在智利南部的塑料覆盖下种植。为此，在一个商业甜樱桃果园中，连续两个季节（2021/2022和2022/2023）人工施加了四种果实负载处理——（i）100%果实负载（对照），（ii）80%果实负载，（iii）60%果实负载，和（iv）40%果实负载。结果表明，各处理间的产量和果实负载没有显著差异。有趣的是，在两个季节中，与对照（100%果实负载）相比，60%和40%的果实负载增加了果实鲜重、果实大小和硬度（20.3%）。同样，60%和40%果实负载处理的果实大小分布在30毫米时最高，而100%和80%果实负载处理的果实大小分布在28毫米至24毫米之间时最高。果实负载处理间的总可溶性固形物（TSS）没有变化，而在两个季节中，60%和40%果实负载处理的可滴定酸度（TA）显著增加。在两个季节中，各处理间的抗氧化活性（AA）和总酚（TPH）没有显著差异。总体而言，结果表明，果实负载处理，主要是40%的处理，增加了果实重量和硬度，并使采后果实的麻点减少了39.4%。因此，疏果可能是调节果实负载的一项重要农艺措施，对甜樱桃品种Regina在塑料覆盖下种植时收获时和采后贮藏期间的果实品质有积极影响。然而，需要更多的生化和分子研究来阐明这种改善所涉及到的机制。
