ICPNet: Advanced Maize Leaf Disease Detection with Multidimensional Attention and Coordinate Depthwise Convolution.

Maize is an important crop, and the detection of maize diseases is critical for ensuring food security and improving agricultural production efficiency. To address the challenges of difficult feature extraction due to the high similarity among maize leaf disease species, the blurring of image edge features, and the susceptibility of maize leaf images to noise during acquisition and transmission, we propose a maize disease detection method based on ICPNet (Integrated multidimensional attention coordinate depthwise convolution PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-Integrated lion optimisation algorithm network). Firstly, we introduce a novel attention mechanism called Integrated Multidimensional Attention (IMA), which enhances the stability and responsiveness of the model in detecting small speckled disease features by combining cross-attention and spatial channel reconstruction methods. Secondly, we propose Coordinate Depthwise Convolution (CDC) to enhance the accuracy of feature maps through multi-scale convolutional processing, allowing for better differentiation of the fuzzy edges of maize leaf disease regions. To further optimize model performance, we introduce the PSO-Integrated Lion Optimisation Algorithm (PLOA), which leverages the exploratory stochasticity and annealing mechanism of the particle swarm algorithm to enhance the model's ability to handle mutation points while maintaining training stability and robustness. The experimental results demonstrate that ICPNet achieved an average accuracy of 88.4% and a precision of 87.3% on the self-constructed dataset. This method effectively extracts the tiny and fuzzy edge features of maize leaf diseases, providing a valuable reference for disease control in large-scale maize production.