Impact of Serum Ferritin and Iron Overload on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the iron overload among individuals with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have not received red blood cell transfusions.

METHODS

A comprehensive search was conducted in Embase, PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, NIH, and Blood Library databases up to September 2023. The search strategy included keywords related to AML, iron overload, serum ferritin, survival, outcomes, and inflammation. Manual searches through included articles and relevant references were also performed. From 1650 initial articles, 16 studies involving 8752 patients met the inclusion criteria for systematic review. Statistical analysis used hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI).  Results: The systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant association between high serum ferritin (SF) levels and poor outcomes in AML patients before starting chemotherapy. Elevated SF levels (>1000 mg/L) were associated with lower overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) (HR for OS: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.48-2.66; HR for EFS: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.73-3.05). Elevated SF levels were inversely correlated with the gradual onset of infections, indicating an increased risk of early mortality (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Elevated serum ferritin levels are significantly associated with poor outcomes in AML patients before treatment initiation. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring iron levels in these patients to improve prognostic assessments and treatment strategies.