Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2024 Aug 22;29(8):302. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2908302.
Survivin, an important inhibitor of apoptosis protein, contributes to cancer cells' resistance to apoptosis, proliferation, and survival. It is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target due to being highly expressed in cancer cells relative to normal cells and universally expressed in almost all cancer types. Cancer cells release survivin to the tumour microenvironment (TME) not only as a free protein but also encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially small EVs (sEVs). The release of encapsulated survivin from cancer cells can be taken up by neighbouring cells, eliciting pathological responses such as tumorigenesis and metastasis. Consequently, EV survivin holds potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarker for several types of cancer, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and glioblastoma. EV survivin expression is significantly elevated in cancer patients and correlates with unfavourable clinicopathologic parameters. Although no clinical studies have explored EV survivin as a therapeutic target, future research should explore survivin-based therapies in combination with EV-targeting therapies to effectively disrupt its roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Survivin 是一种重要的凋亡抑制蛋白，有助于癌细胞抵抗凋亡、增殖和存活。由于其在癌细胞中的表达水平相对正常细胞较高，并且几乎在所有癌症类型中都普遍表达，因此它是一种很有前途的生物标志物和治疗靶点。癌细胞不仅会以游离蛋白的形式，还会将 survivin 包裹在细胞外囊泡（EVs）中释放到肿瘤微环境（TME）中，特别是小细胞外囊泡（sEVs）。癌细胞释放的包裹 survivin 的囊泡可以被邻近细胞摄取，引发肿瘤发生和转移等病理反应。因此，EV survivin 有可能成为乳腺癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌和神经胶质瘤等多种癌症的诊断、预后和治疗生物标志物。癌症患者的 EV survivin 表达显著升高，并与不良的临床病理参数相关。尽管目前尚无临床研究探索 EV survivin 作为治疗靶点，但未来的研究应该探索基于 survivin 的治疗方法与针对 EV 的治疗方法相结合，以有效地阻断其在肿瘤发生和转移中的作用。
