Department of Laboratory of Environmental and Food Hygiene, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
International Society of Doctors for Environment ISDE Italia, Section of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2024 Aug 22;29(8):304. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2908304.
The six Platinum group metal elements (PGEs) comprising Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Platinum, Iridium and Osmium are grouped together in the periodic table. Human activities are mostly responsible for releasing PGEs into the environment. This systematic review focused on three PGEs with the greatest anthropogenic use, including in vehicle catalytic converters: Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd), and Rhodium (Rh). Consequently, these represent the greatest contributors to environmental pollution. The current review of toxicological studies (mammalian models) and cell exposure studies examined the potential harmful effects of these metalloids to mammalians, and their possible toxicity to human health.
We applied Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to conduct a comprehensive search and evaluation of records in the available literature published between 01/01/2009 and 01/15/2024 in four databases. PROSPERO code ID: CRD42024471558. Results concerning the health effects of PGEs were extracted from articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After screening the records for eligibility, 22 studies were included in the final analysis.
This systematic review revealed that airborne PGEs significantly increased the activation of pathologic pathways in several human organs and/or perturbed various metabolic pathways. In view of the known pro-inflammatory and organ-degenerative effects of PGEs, the paucity of studies on the effect of PGEs on the central nervous system and on possible correlations with neurodegenerative diseases were particularly evident.
The clinical complexity and chronic nature of PGE-related pathologies indicate that targeted research is essential. In light of the increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases, particular attention should be paid to the design of epidemiological studies and to environmental monitoring services.
铂族金属元素（PGE）共有六个，包括钌、铑、钯、铂、铱和锇，它们在元素周期表中被归为一组。人类活动主要负责将 PGE 释放到环境中。本系统评价重点关注三种人类活动中使用量最大的 PGE，包括汽车催化转化器：铂（Pt）、钯（Pd）和铑（Rh）。因此，这些元素对环境污染的贡献最大。本次对毒理学研究（哺乳动物模型）和细胞暴露研究的综述，研究了这些类金属对哺乳动物的潜在有害影响及其对人类健康的可能毒性。
我们采用系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）方法，对 2009 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 1 月 15 日期间在四个数据库中发表的文献进行了全面检索和评估。PROSPERO 编号：CRD42024471558。根据纳入和排除标准，从文献中提取有关 PGE 健康影响的结果。经过对记录的资格筛选，最终有 22 项研究纳入分析。
本系统评价表明，空气中的 PGE 显著增加了几种人类器官中病理性途径的激活，或扰乱了各种代谢途径。鉴于 PGE 的已知促炎和器官退行性作用，关于 PGE 对中枢神经系统的影响以及与神经退行性疾病的可能相关性的研究很少，这一点尤其明显。
PGE 相关病理的临床复杂性和慢性性质表明，有必要进行有针对性的研究。鉴于非传染性疾病发病率的上升，应特别注意设计流行病学研究和环境监测服务。
