Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Sep;31(42):54589-54602. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34791-9. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
In this study, the protective role of Urtica dioica extract (Udex) against LiCO toxicity in Allium cepa L. was investigated using various parameters such as germination rates, root growth, weight gain, mitotic index (MI), malondialdehyde (MDA), micronucleus (MN), antioxidant enzyme activity, chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) and anatomical changes. As the biological activity of Udex is related to its active content, the profile of phenolic compounds was determined by LC-MS/MS analysis. LiCO caused abnormalities in the tested parameters and serious regressions in germination parameters. Application of 100 mg/L LiCO reduced the chlorophyll a and b contents by 73.04% and 65.7%, respectively. LiCO application exhibited a cytotoxic effect by inducing significant decreases in MI and increases in the frequency of MN, and also showed a genotoxic effect by causing CAs. After 100 mg/L LiCO treatment, MDA, proline, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels increased by 54.9%, 58.5%, 47.8%, and 52.3%, respectively. LiCO and Udex co-administration resulted in a regression in increased biochemical parameters and genotoxicity parameters, and an improvement in germination parameters. Furthermore, Udex demonstrated efficacy in mitigating the detrimental effects of LiCO on the root tip, particularly in the 200 µg/mL Udex-treated group. The thickening of the cortex cell wall and conduction tissue, which is commonly induced by Li₂CO₃, was not observed in the Udex-treated group. The protective effect of Udex can be explained by the phenolic compounds it contains. Rutin was detected as the major component in Udex and other phenolics were listed according to their presence rate as protecatechuic acid > caffeic acid > p-coumaric acid > syringic acid > rosemarinic acid > epicatechin. Li ions, which increase in the environment after industrialization, are an important environmental pollutant and exhibit toxicity that affects many pathways in organisms. Scientific research should not only detect these toxic effects but also develop solutions to such problems. In this study, it was determined that the Udex application had a toxicity-reducing role against LiCO toxicity. Also, it has been demonstrated that A. cepa is an important indicator in determining this toxicity and toxicity-reducing applications.
在这项研究中，采用发芽率、根长、增重、有丝分裂指数（MI）、丙二醛（MDA）、微核（MN）、抗氧化酶活性、染色体异常（CAs）和解剖变化等多种参数，研究了荨麻提取物（Udex）对 LiCO 对洋葱根尖的毒性的保护作用。由于 Udex 的生物活性与其活性成分有关，因此通过 LC-MS/MS 分析确定了酚类化合物的特征。LiCO 导致测试参数异常，发芽参数严重退化。应用 100mg/L LiCO 使叶绿素 a 和 b 的含量分别减少了 73.04%和 65.7%。LiCO 的应用通过诱导 MI 显著降低和 MN 频率增加产生细胞毒性作用，并且通过引起 CAs 产生遗传毒性作用。在 100mg/L LiCO 处理后，MDA、脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的水平分别增加了 54.9%、58.5%、47.8%和 52.3%。LiCO 和 Udex 联合给药可使生化参数和遗传毒性参数的增加回归，发芽参数得到改善。此外，Udex 可减轻 LiCO 对根尖的有害影响，尤其是在 200μg/mL Udex 处理组中。Li₂CO₃ 通常诱导的皮层细胞壁和传导组织增厚在 Udex 处理组中未观察到。Udex 的保护作用可以用它所含的酚类化合物来解释。芦丁被检测为 Udex 的主要成分，根据其存在率列出了其他酚类物质，分别为儿茶酸>咖啡酸>对香豆酸>丁香酸>迷迭香酸>表儿茶素。Li 离子是工业化后环境中增加的重要环境污染物，具有毒性，会影响生物体中的许多途径。科学研究不仅要检测这些毒性作用，还要开发解决这些问题的方法。在这项研究中，确定 Udex 的应用具有降低 LiCO 毒性的作用。此外，已经证明洋葱是确定这种毒性和降低毒性应用的重要指标。
