Institute for Clinical Trials, the HRB-Clinical Research Facility, and the College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, and Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland.
Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Nov 1;144(5):660-669. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005705. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
Metformin is a commonly used drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and has been used to treat gestational diabetes since the 1970s. In pregnancy, its proven benefits include reduced gestational weight gain and reduced fetal size; some studies have shown reduced risk of cesarean delivery and lower rates of hypertension. Metformin can reduce the need for insulin therapy but does not eliminate such need in many patients. Despite these benefits, metformin crosses the placenta and has been associated with increases in the risk of giving birth to small-for-gestational-age neonates in some studies of individuals with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. In addition, higher body mass index (BMI) z-scores have been observed among exposed offspring in some of the long-term follow-up studies. Nevertheless, metformin's low cost, ease of administration, and global reach make it a reasonable intervention in a population affected by rising rates of obesity and diabetes in pregnancy. Further follow-up studies are required to monitor the long-term health of exposed offspring.
二甲双胍是治疗 2 型糖尿病的常用药物，自 20 世纪 70 年代以来就被用于治疗妊娠期糖尿病。在妊娠期间，其已证实的益处包括减少妊娠体重增加和胎儿大小；一些研究表明剖宫产风险降低，高血压发生率降低。二甲双胍可以减少胰岛素治疗的需求，但在许多患者中并不能消除这种需求。尽管有这些益处，但二甲双胍会穿过胎盘，并与某些研究中 2 型糖尿病孕妇所生的小于胎龄儿的风险增加有关。此外，在一些长期随访研究中，暴露于二甲双胍的后代的体重指数（BMI）z 评分较高。然而，二甲双胍的低成本、易于管理和全球普及性使其成为受肥胖和妊娠糖尿病发病率上升影响的人群的合理干预措施。需要进一步的随访研究来监测暴露后代的长期健康状况。
