Prabhakaran A, Thirumoorthi P, Sri Dhivya Krishnan K
Department of Automobile Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641049, India.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641049, India.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 29;14(1):20142. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70580-7.
The development of electric vehicles (EVs) has been incremental because EVs satisfy a significant demand for energy sources. Electronic control unit (ECU) is an important component that processes the electric signals received from various sensors for generating the control signals for the actuators. Automotive control systems were initially operated manually throughout the automotive revolution based on the responses of input signals received from ECUs and drivers. Most of the functions in EV are controlled by the ECU and every ECU consumes power at all times even if it is not in use. The larger power consumption of passive ECUs like adaptive lighting systems (ALS), automatic wiper systems (AWS) brake light systems (BLS), etc., affect the life of ECUs and the range of EVs. This article is primarily concerned with limiting power consumption by switching the power supply to the passive ECUs based on their requirements. Hence, to achieve the objective, the intelligent zone (i-zone) based master ECU is triggered to activate the slave ECUs. Designing suites including Proteus and KiCAD were used for designing the circuits including master as well as slave ECU. This prototype is built using three secondary ECUs such as ALS & AWS and BLS which are controlled using i-zone-based master ECU. The performance of this implemented design is evaluated, and it is discovered that almost 40% of the battery consumption is reduced. This i-zone-based master ECU and all its slave ECUs manage power while ensuring the safety and reliability of EVs.
电动汽车（EV）的发展是渐进式的，因为电动汽车满足了对能源的重大需求。电子控制单元（ECU）是一个重要部件，它处理从各种传感器接收到的电信号，以便为执行器生成控制信号。在整个汽车革命过程中，汽车控制系统最初是基于从电子控制单元和驾驶员接收到的输入信号的响应进行手动操作的。电动汽车中的大多数功能由电子控制单元控制，而且即使不使用，每个电子控制单元也始终消耗电力。诸如自适应照明系统（ALS）、自动雨刮系统（AWS）、刹车灯系统（BLS）等无源电子控制单元的较大功耗会影响电子控制单元的寿命以及电动汽车的续航里程。本文主要关注根据无源电子控制单元的需求切换其电源来限制功耗。因此，为实现这一目标，触发基于智能区域（i-zone）的主电子控制单元来激活从电子控制单元。包括Proteus和KiCAD在内的设计套件被用于设计包括主电子控制单元和从电子控制单元的电路。该原型使用三个二级电子控制单元构建，如自适应照明系统和自动雨刮系统以及刹车灯系统，它们由基于智能区域的主电子控制单元控制。对这种实现的设计的性能进行了评估，发现电池消耗几乎降低了40%。这种基于智能区域的主电子控制单元及其所有从电子控制单元在确保电动汽车的安全性和可靠性的同时管理电力。
