School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 29;14(1):20086. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70793-w.
This study compared the multiple object tracking (MOT) performance of athletes vs. non-athletes and expert athletes vs. novice athletes by systematically reviewing and meta-analyzing the literature. A systematic literature search was conducted using five databases for articles published until July 2024. Healthy people were included, specifically classified as athletes and non-athletes, or experts and novices. Potential sources of heterogeneity were selected using a random-effects model. Moderator analyses were also performed. A total of 23 studies were included in this review. Regarding the overall effect, athletes were significantly better at MOT tasks than non-athletes, and experts performed better than novices. Subgroup analyses showed that expert athletes had a significantly larger effect than novices, and that the type of sport significantly moderated the difference in MOT performance between the two groups. Meta-regression revealed that the number of targets and duration of tracking moderated the differences in performance between experts and novices, but did not affect the differences between athletes and non-athletes. This meta-analysis provides evidence of performance advantages for athletes compared with nonathletes, and experts compared with novices in MOT tasks. Moreover, the two effects were moderated by different factors; therefore, future studies should classify participants more specifically according to sports levels.
本研究通过系统回顾和荟萃分析文献，比较了运动员与非运动员以及专家运动员与新手运动员的多项物体跟踪（MOT）表现。使用五个数据库对截至 2024 年 7 月发表的文章进行了系统的文献检索。纳入了健康人群，具体分为运动员和非运动员，或专家和新手。使用随机效应模型选择了潜在的异质性来源，并进行了调节分析。本综述共纳入 23 项研究。关于总体效果，运动员在 MOT 任务中的表现明显优于非运动员，而专家的表现优于新手。亚组分析表明，专家运动员的效果明显大于新手，运动类型显著调节了两组之间 MOT 表现的差异。元回归显示，目标数量和跟踪持续时间调节了专家和新手之间表现的差异，但不影响运动员和非运动员之间的差异。这项荟萃分析提供了证据，表明与非运动员相比，运动员在 MOT 任务中的表现具有优势，与新手相比，专家的表现也具有优势。此外，这两个效果受到不同因素的调节；因此，未来的研究应该根据运动水平更具体地对参与者进行分类。
