Lukindo Tedson, Masumo Ray, Hancy Adam, John Sauli E, Paulo Heavenlight A, Sanga Abraham, Noor Ramadhan, Lankoande Fatoumata, Towo Elifatio, Leyna Germana H, Bridge Gemma, Bedi Raman
Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Barack Obama Drive, Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 977, Tanzania.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, MUHAS, P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania.
F1000Res. 2024 Aug 22;10:858. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.55269.5. eCollection 2021.
Insufficient and above WHO-recommended levels of iodine intake during pregnancy can lead to serious health outcomes. This study aimed to assess median urine iodine concentration and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in the Mbeya region, Tanzania.
A cross sectional survey involving 420 pregnant women (n=420) aged 15-49, registered in Reproductive and Child Health Clinics was conducted. Socio-demographic and dietary factors were assessed by structured questionnaire and the urine samples were analyzed using the ammonium persulfate digestion method.
Median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) was 279.4μg/L and it ranged from 26.1 to 1915μg/L. Insufficient mUIC (below 150μg/L) was observed in 17.14% of participants, sufficient mUIC was 24.29% and 58.57% had mUIC above the recommended level (>250μg/L). Sample women who reported consuming fish in the last 24 hours had an increased risk of insufficient mUIC [Adjusted OR= 2.60 (95%CI 1.31-5.15)] while the risk was lower for those who attended at least primary education [AOR= 0.29 (CI 0.08-0.99)]. Further, sample women resident in Mbarali district, in the oldest age group (35-49) and having a higher socio-economic status were associated with an increased risk of having MUIC above recommended level [AOR=4.09 (CI 1.85-9.010], [AOR=2.51 (CI 0.99-6.330] and, [AOR=2.08 (CI 0.91-4.71) respectively.
This study demonstrated a significant association between geographical, age and socio-economic factors and median urine iodine concentration above the WHO-recommended level. Further, this study found association between inadequate iodine in diet and insufficient median urine iodine concentration. Therefore, educational programs on iodine intake should be strengthened.
孕期碘摄入量不足以及超过世界卫生组织推荐水平均会导致严重的健康后果。本研究旨在评估坦桑尼亚姆贝亚地区孕妇的尿碘中位数浓度及其相关危险因素。
对在生殖与儿童健康诊所登记的420名年龄在15至49岁之间的孕妇进行了横断面调查。通过结构化问卷评估社会人口统计学和饮食因素，并使用过硫酸铵消化法分析尿样。
尿碘中位数浓度（mUIC）为279.4μg/L，范围为26.1至1915μg/L。17.14%的参与者尿碘中位数浓度不足（低于150μg/L），24.29%的参与者尿碘中位数浓度充足，58.57%的参与者尿碘中位数浓度高于推荐水平（>250μg/L）。在过去24小时内报告食用过鱼类的样本女性尿碘中位数浓度不足的风险增加[调整后的比值比=2.60（95%置信区间1.31-5.15）]，而至少接受过小学教育的女性风险较低[调整后的比值比=0.29（置信区间0.08-0.99）]。此外，居住在姆巴拉利区、年龄最大（35-49岁）且社会经济地位较高的样本女性尿碘中位数浓度高于推荐水平的风险增加[调整后的比值比分别为4.09（置信区间1.85-9.01）]、[调整后的比值比=2.51（置信区间0.99-6.33）]和[调整后的比值比=2.08（置信区间0.91-4.71）]。
本研究表明地理、年龄和社会经济因素与高于世界卫生组织推荐水平的尿碘中位数浓度之间存在显著关联。此外，本研究发现饮食中碘摄入不足与尿碘中位数浓度不足之间存在关联。因此，应加强关于碘摄入的教育项目。
