Faleo Tommaso, Brunner Eric, Webb Jonathan W, Pickston Alexander, Ho Joseph, Weihs Gregor, Buchleitner Andreas, Dittel Christoph, Dufour Gabriel, Fedrizzi Alessandro, Keil Robert
Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Sci Adv. 2024 Aug 30;10(35):eadp9030. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adp9030.
Entanglement and interference are both hallmark effects of quantum physics. Particularly rich dynamics arise when multiple (at least partially) indistinguishable particles are subjected to either of these phenomena. By combining both entanglement and many-particle interference, we propose an interferometric setting through which -particle interference can be observed, while any interference of lower orders is strictly suppressed. We experimentally demonstrate this effect in a four-photon interferometer, where the interference is nonlocal, in principle, as only pairs of photons interfere at two separate and independent beam splitters. A joint detection of all four photons identifies a high-visibility interference pattern varying as a function of their collective four-particle phase, a genuine four-body property.
纠缠和干涉都是量子物理学的标志性效应。当多个（至少部分）不可区分的粒子受到这些现象中的任何一种时，会出现特别丰富的动力学现象。通过结合纠缠和多粒子干涉，我们提出了一种干涉设置，通过该设置可以观察到N粒子干涉，同时严格抑制低阶的任何干涉。我们在四光子干涉仪中通过实验证明了这种效应，其中干涉在原则上是非局域的，因为只有光子对在两个单独且独立的分束器处发生干涉。对所有四个光子的联合探测识别出一个高可见度的干涉图案，该图案随它们的集体四粒子相位而变化，这是一种真正的四体特性。
