Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 30;14(1):20221. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70734-7.
The safety of children's living environment is affected by several factors. Safer living environments have been offered as one explanation to decreases in children's fractures. Earlier studies provide evidence of a decreasing trend in children's fractures in the past decades. The objective of this study was to investigate demographic and clinical features of paediatric maxillofacial fractures during three time periods. A retrospective cross-sectional single-centre study was designed. The study included 474 patients aged ≤ 15 years admitted to Helsinki University Hospital in Finland with maxillofacial fractures during 1980-1989, 1993-2002 and 2013-2018. Maxillofacial fractures increased by 25% during the study period. The increase was greater in boys (28%) than in girls (19%), and significant in age groups 0-5 years (71%) and 13-15 years (32%). Exclusively mandibular fractures decreased by 20%, while exclusively midfacial fractures increased more than four-fold and exclusively upper-third fractures five-fold. Being hit by object and falls from height increased more than two-fold. A temporary increase in assaults and decrease in bicycle accidents in the middle period of the study was observed. During the three decades, paediatric maxillofacial fractures have increased and both fracture type and underlying aetiology have changed. These findings reflect improvements in diagnostics, traffic safety, regulations and technology. The role of factors such as interpersonal violence and economic fluctuation on the incidence of childhood maxillofacial fractures is discussed.
儿童生活环境的安全性受到多种因素的影响。提供更安全的生活环境被认为是导致儿童骨折减少的原因之一。早期的研究为过去几十年儿童骨折呈下降趋势提供了证据。本研究旨在调查三个时期儿童颌面骨折的人口统计学和临床特征。采用回顾性横断面单中心研究设计。研究纳入了 1980-1989 年、1993-2002 年和 2013-2018 年期间因颌面骨折入住芬兰赫尔辛基大学医院的≤15 岁患者 474 例。研究期间，颌面骨折增加了 25%。男孩（28%）比女孩（19%）增加更明显，0-5 岁（71%）和 13-15 岁（32%）年龄段增加更显著。单纯下颌骨骨折减少了 20%，而单纯面中部骨折增加了四倍以上，单纯上颌骨骨折增加了五倍以上。被物体撞击和从高处坠落的受伤情况增加了两倍以上。研究中期观察到袭击事件暂时增加，自行车事故减少。在过去的 30 年中，儿童颌面骨折的发生率有所增加，骨折类型和潜在病因也发生了变化。这些发现反映了诊断、交通安全、法规和技术的改进。本文讨论了人际暴力和经济波动等因素对儿童颌面骨折发生率的影响。
