Kim Sang Yean, Na Min Jeong, Yoon Sungpil, Shin Eunbi, Ha Jin Woong, Jeon Soyoung, Nam Suk Woo
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Exp Mol Med. 2024 Sep;56(9):1909-1920. doi: 10.1038/s12276-024-01307-x. Epub 2024 Sep 2.
Functional variations in coding and noncoding RNAs are crucial in tumorigenesis, with cancer-specific alterations often resulting from chemical modifications and posttranscriptional processes mediated by enzymes. These RNA variations have been linked to tumor cell proliferation, growth, metastasis, and drug resistance and are valuable for identifying diagnostic or prognostic cancer biomarkers. The diversity of posttranscriptional RNA modifications, such as splicing, polyadenylation, methylation, and editing, is particularly significant due to their prevalence and impact on cancer progression. Additionally, other modifications, including RNA acetylation, circularization, miRNA isomerization, and pseudouridination, are recognized as key contributors to cancer development. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these RNA modifications in cancer can enhance our knowledge of cancer biology and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Targeting these RNA modifications and their regulatory enzymes may pave the way for novel RNA-based therapies, enabling tailored interventions for specific cancer subtypes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the roles and mechanisms of various coding and noncoding RNA modifications in cancer progression and highlights recent advancements in RNA-based therapeutic applications.
编码RNA和非编码RNA的功能变异在肿瘤发生过程中至关重要，癌症特异性改变通常源于化学修饰以及由酶介导的转录后过程。这些RNA变异与肿瘤细胞的增殖、生长、转移和耐药性相关，对于识别癌症诊断或预后生物标志物具有重要价值。转录后RNA修饰的多样性，如剪接、多聚腺苷酸化、甲基化和编辑，因其普遍性及其对癌症进展的影响而尤为显著。此外，其他修饰，包括RNA乙酰化、环化、miRNA异构化和假尿苷化，也被认为是癌症发展的关键因素。了解癌症中这些RNA修饰的潜在机制，可以增进我们对癌症生物学的认识，并促进创新治疗策略的开发。针对这些RNA修饰及其调控酶可能为新型基于RNA的疗法铺平道路，从而能够针对特定癌症亚型进行个性化干预。本综述全面概述了各种编码和非编码RNA修饰在癌症进展中的作用和机制，并重点介绍了基于RNA的治疗应用的最新进展。
