Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
Medical Affairs México, MERCK, Naucalpan de Juárez, Mexico.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Aug 16;15:1416663. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1416663. eCollection 2024.
Globally, clinical hypothyroidism affects an estimated 0.5 to 5% of the population, while subclinical hypothyroidism affects 5-20%. Limited data is available on the prevalence of thyroid disease within the Mexican population. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of people screened for hypothyroidism in Mexico during 2022 using the Zulewski scale.
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data obtained from a digital survey administered by an e-Health platform. This study included participants of all genders, aged 18 years and older (n = 31,449). Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were sued to describe the data. Differences between groups were assessed through the chi-square or Fischer's exact test. Information gathered was subjected to hierarchical segmentation analysis to explore trends and patterns. Statistical significance was set as <0.05.
Among the participants, 87.7% were women, and 80% fell within the age group 18 and 44 years. According to the Zulewski scale, 27% of the participants had a low risk of hypothyroidism, 37.4% were classified as having an intermediate risk, and 35.6% were at a high risk. In people at high risk of hypothyroidism, the most common symptom was constipation (29.2%) whereas the most common sign was decreased speed of movement (26.2%). Inquiry of slow movements, dry skin, and facial edema allowed the identification of 90.2% of participants at high risk of hypothyroidism.
In Mexico, a significant portion of the population is at an intermediate or high risk of hypothyroidism, requiring confirmatory diagnostic tests.
全球范围内，临床甲状腺功能减退症的患病率估计为 0.5%至 5%，而亚临床甲状腺功能减退症的患病率为 5%至 20%。关于墨西哥人群中甲状腺疾病的患病率，数据有限。本研究旨在使用 Zulewski 量表描述 2022 年在墨西哥筛查甲状腺功能减退症人群的特征。
采用横断面分析，利用电子健康平台进行的数字调查获得的数据。本研究纳入了所有性别、年龄在 18 岁及以上的参与者（n=31449）。使用描述性统计（频率和百分比）描述数据。通过卡方检验或 Fisher 精确检验评估组间差异。采用层次分割分析探索趋势和模式。统计显著性设为<0.05。
在参与者中，87.7%为女性，80%年龄在 18 至 44 岁之间。根据 Zulewski 量表，27%的参与者患甲状腺功能减退症的风险低，37.4%的参与者处于中等风险，35.6%的参与者处于高风险。在甲状腺功能减退症高危人群中，最常见的症状是便秘（29.2%），最常见的体征是运动速度减慢（26.2%）。询问运动速度减慢、皮肤干燥和面部水肿可识别出 90.2%的甲状腺功能减退症高危人群。
在墨西哥，相当一部分人群处于甲状腺功能减退症的中高危状态，需要进行确认性诊断测试。
