Department of Biology, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Colleges of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2024 Aug 16;12:1357131. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1357131. eCollection 2024.
Typhoid fever is one of the major public health concerns in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Understanding the burden and factors contributing to the transmission and development of the disease is crucial to applying appropriate preventive and therapeutic interventions.
To assess the prevalence of typhoid fever and its associated factors among febrile patients visiting Arerti Primary Hospital from 1 March to 30 May 2022.
A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 326 febrile patients visiting Arerti Primary Hospital for health services. The data were collected using laboratory procedures (widal test) and a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between variables. -value < 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to measure the presence and strength of associations.
In this study, of the total 317 cases that participated, the majority (64.4%) of them were males with age ranges from 13 to 63 years. The overall prevalence of positive antigen tests for typhoid infection was 30.0% (95% CI: 25.0%-35.3%). About 66.9% of the study participants had good knowledge, 75.7% had favorable perception, and 42.3% had good infection prevention practice. Being unemployed [AOR = 7.57, 95% CI (1.98, 28.93)], being a farmer [AOR = 2.73, 95% CI (1.01, 7.41)], and having a body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 kg/m [AOR = 5.12, 95%CI (2.45, 10.68)] were significantly associated with typhoid fever infection.
The prevalence of typhoid fever among febrile patients was high. Typhoid fever infection was significantly associated with occupational status (being unemployed and being a farmer) and lower BMI. The level of knowledge, perception, and practice of typhoid fever infection prevention were found inadequate. Therefore, behavioral change interventions are needed at the community level.
伤寒是发展中国家（包括埃塞俄比亚）主要的公共卫生关注问题之一。了解疾病传播和发展的负担和相关因素对于实施适当的预防和治疗干预至关重要。
评估 2022 年 3 月 1 日至 5 月 30 日期间在 Arerti 初级医院就诊的发热患者中伤寒的患病率及其相关因素。
采用基于设施的横断面研究，对 Arerti 初级医院 326 名发热患者进行了实验室程序（肥达氏试验）和结构化访谈式问卷。使用 Epi Data 版本 3.1 输入数据，并使用 SPSS 版本 25 进行分析。采用逻辑回归确定变量之间的关联。使用 -值<0.05 和 95%置信区间调整后的优势比来衡量关联的存在和强度。
在这项研究中，在总共 317 例参与的病例中，大多数（64.4%）是 13 至 63 岁的男性。伤寒感染的抗原检测阳性率总体为 30.0%（95%CI：25.0%-35.3%）。约 66.9%的研究参与者具有良好的知识，75.7%具有良好的认知，42.3%具有良好的感染预防实践。失业[优势比（AOR）=7.57，95%置信区间（1.98，28.93）]、农民[AOR=2.73，95%置信区间（1.01，7.41）]和 BMI 低于 18.5 kg/m[AOR=5.12，95%置信区间（2.45，10.68）]与伤寒感染显著相关。
发热患者中伤寒的患病率较高。伤寒感染与职业状况（失业和农民）和较低的 BMI 显著相关。伤寒感染预防的知识、认知和实践水平不足。因此，需要在社区层面开展行为改变干预措施。
