Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, NZ.
Center for Health Literacy and Rural Health Promotion, GH.
Ann Glob Health. 2020 Sep 3;86(1):111. doi: 10.5334/aogh.2833.
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever remain a global public health burden, yet annual estimates of prevalence vary. Estimates have ranged between 9.9 and 24.2 million cases annually. Similar differences in estimates are seen within countries but point to a serious health challenge. In Ghana, for instance, typhoid fever has been ranked among the top twenty causes of outpatient morbidity and constituted 1.2%, 1.7% and 1.3% of hospital admissions in 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively.
The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of and in the Hohoe Municipality.
Data on all reported cases of typhoid fever in the Hohoe municipality as entered into the District Health Information Management System 2 (DHIMS 2) database between January 2012 and December 2016 were extracted. A time-trend analysis was conducted to establish the relationship between typhoid fever prevalence and factors such as age, gender, and season. Stata was used to analyse data and to measure rates, associations, and their significance.
The results showed that a total of 6282 individuals suffered from typhoid fever during the five-year period. Of these numbers, 2080 (33.1%) were males, and 4202 (66.9%) were females, representing a P-value 0.0222, and 95% CI. The 25-29 age group were the most affected. High prevalence was observed during the wet months, although cases occurred throughout the year. Trend analysis showed growing cases of typhoid over the period. Prevalence for the various years were found as follows: 2012 - 148 per 100,000, 2013 - 135 per 100,000, 2014 - 396 per 100,000 and in 2015 - 943 per 100,000.
Typhoid fever remains and continues to be a major public health challenge in the municipality. This calls for health authorities and service providers to educate the public about the disease if the challenge is to be addressed.
伤寒和副伤寒仍然是全球公共卫生的负担，但每年的流行率估计各不相同。估计每年有 990 万至 2420 万例。在国家内部也存在类似的估计差异，但这表明存在严重的健康挑战。例如，在加纳，伤寒已被列为门诊发病率的前二十大原因之一，2017 年、2016 年和 2015 年分别占住院人数的 1.2%、1.7%和 1.3%。
本研究的目的是确定霍霍市的伤寒和副伤寒流行率。
从 2012 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月期间，从 District Health Information Management System 2 (DHIMS 2) 数据库中提取了所有报告的伤寒病例数据。进行了时间趋势分析，以确定伤寒流行率与年龄、性别和季节等因素之间的关系。使用 Stata 分析数据并测量率、关联及其显著性。
结果显示，在五年期间，共有 6282 人患有伤寒。其中，男性 2080 人（33.1%），女性 4202 人（66.9%），P 值为 0.0222，95%置信区间为 0.00-0.04。25-29 岁年龄组受影响最大。尽管全年都有病例发生，但高流行率出现在湿月。趋势分析显示，在此期间伤寒病例不断增加。发现各年的患病率如下：2012 年 - 每 10 万人 148 例，2013 年 - 每 10 万人 135 例，2014 年 - 每 10 万人 396 例，2015 年 - 每 10 万人 943 例。
伤寒仍然是该市的主要公共卫生挑战，并将继续存在。如果要解决这一挑战，卫生当局和服务提供者需要向公众宣传这种疾病。
