Reeping Paul M, Wintemute Garen J, Robinson Sonia L, Crawford Andrew, Tomsich Elizabeth A, Pear Veronica A
UC Davis Violence Prevention Research Program, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Department of Emergency Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2024 Aug 6;45:102851. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102851. eCollection 2024 Sep.
This study investigates the association between replacement thinking, status threat perceptions, and the endorsement of political violence among non-Hispanic white adults in the United States. It explores how perceived threats to social status can drive support for extreme measures aimed at preserving white hegemony, addressing a gap in research on factors contributing to political violence, a public health concern.
The 2022 Life in America Survey provided data for this cross-sectional study, focusing on status threat and replacement thinking among non-Hispanic white respondents. Status threat was inferred from relative income, education level, and racial segregation in residential census tracts, while replacement thinking was derived through agreement with the statement "in America, native-born white people are being replaced by immigrants." The outcome was the endorsement of political violence. Analysis utilized a survey-weighted robust modified Poisson model.
Among 5,976 non-Hispanic white respondents, 18.7 % supported political violence in at least one scenario. A U-shaped relationship was observed between racial segregation and political violence endorsement: respondents from more diverse communities were less likely to support political violence. Those endorsing replacement thinking were 233 %-229 % more likely to endorse political violence than those who did not, dependent on income levels. White respondents without a high school degree were 29 % more likely to endorse political violence.
The study found a positive association between replacement thinking, markers of status threat, and political violence endorsements among non-Hispanic white Americans. These findings emphasize the need for research and interventions to mitigate these perceptions and prevent political violence.
本研究调查了美国非西班牙裔白人成年人中替代思维、地位威胁感知与对政治暴力的认可之间的关联。它探讨了对社会地位的感知威胁如何推动对旨在维护白人霸权的极端措施的支持，填补了对导致政治暴力的因素研究的空白，而政治暴力是一个公共卫生问题。
2022年美国生活调查为这项横断面研究提供了数据，重点关注非西班牙裔白人受访者中的地位威胁和替代思维。地位威胁是根据相对收入、教育水平以及居住普查区的种族隔离情况推断出来的，而替代思维则是通过对“在美国，本土出生的白人正被移民所取代”这一说法的认同得出的。结果是对政治暴力的认可。分析采用了调查加权稳健修正泊松模型。
在5976名非西班牙裔白人受访者中，18.7%的人在至少一种情况下支持政治暴力。观察到种族隔离与对政治暴力的认可之间呈U形关系：来自更多元化社区的受访者支持政治暴力的可能性较小。认同替代思维的人比不认同的人支持政治暴力的可能性高233%-229%，这取决于收入水平。没有高中学历的白人受访者支持政治暴力的可能性高29%。
该研究发现，在美国非西班牙裔白人中，替代思维、地位威胁标志与对政治暴力的认可之间存在正相关。这些发现强调了开展研究和进行干预以减轻这些认知并预防政治暴力的必要性。
