Mino Takuya, Kimura-Ono Aya, Arakawa Hikaru, Tokumoto Kana, Kurosaki Yoko, Matsuka Yoshizo, Maekawa Kenji, Kuboki Takuo
Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
J Adv Prosthodont. 2024 Aug;16(4):244-254. doi: 10.4047/jap.2024.16.4.244. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of a four-item questionnaire using a face rating scale to measure dental trait anxiety (DTA), dental trait fear (DTF), dental state anxiety (DSA), and dental state fear (DSF).
Participants were consecutively selected from patients undergoing scaling (S-group; n = 47) and implant placement (I-group; n = 25). The S-group completed the questionnaire both before initial and second scaling, whereas the I-group responded on the pre-surgery day (Pre-day), the day of implant placement (Imp-day), and the day of suture removal (Post-day).
The reliability in the S-group was evaluated using the test-retest method, showing a weighted kappa value of DTA, 0.61; DTF, 0.46; DSA, 0.67; DSF, 0.52. Criterion-related validity, assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory's trait anxiety and state anxiety, revealed positive correlations between trait anxiety and DTA/DTF (DTA, ρ = 0.30; DTF, ρ = 0.27, ρ: correlation coefficient) and between state anxiety and all four items (DTA, ρ = 0.41; DTF, ρ = 0.32; DSA, ρ = 0.25; DSF, ρ = 0.25). Known-group validity was assessed using the initial data and Imp-day data from the S-group and I-group, respectively, revealing significantly higher DSA and DSF scores in the I-group than in the S-group. Responsiveness was gauged using I-group data, showing significantly lower DSA and DSF scores on post-day compared to other days.
The newly developed questionnaire has acceptable reliability and validity for clinical use, suggesting its usefulness for research on dental anxiety and fear and for providing patient-specific dental care.
本研究旨在评估一份使用面部评定量表的四项问卷在测量牙科特质焦虑（DTA）、牙科特质恐惧（DTF）、牙科状态焦虑（DSA）和牙科状态恐惧（DSF）方面的信度和效度。
连续选取接受洗牙治疗的患者（洗牙组；n = 47）和接受种植体植入的患者（种植组；n = 25）作为研究对象。洗牙组在首次洗牙前和第二次洗牙前均完成问卷填写，而种植组在手术前一天（术前日）、种植体植入当天（植入日）和拆线当天（术后日）进行作答。
洗牙组的信度采用重测法进行评估，结果显示DTA的加权kappa值为0.61；DTF为0.46；DSA为0.67；DSF为0.52。使用状态-特质焦虑量表的特质焦虑和状态焦虑评估的效标关联效度显示，特质焦虑与DTA/DTF之间存在正相关（DTA，ρ = 0.30；DTF，ρ = 0.27，ρ：相关系数），状态焦虑与所有四项之间也存在正相关（DTA，ρ = 0.41；DTF，ρ = 0.32；DSA，ρ = 0.25；DSF，ρ = 0.25）。已知组效度分别使用洗牙组和种植组的初始数据以及植入日数据进行评估，结果显示种植组的DSA和DSF得分显著高于洗牙组。反应度采用种植组数据进行衡量，结果显示术后日的DSA和DSF得分显著低于其他日期。
新开发的问卷在临床应用中具有可接受的信度和效度，表明其在牙科焦虑和恐惧研究以及提供个性化牙科护理方面具有实用性。
