Beltz Adriene M, Portengen Christel M, Berenbaum Sheri A
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Departments of Psychology and Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2025 Jun;43(2):456-469. doi: 10.1111/bjdp.12520. Epub 2024 Sep 2.
Examining mechanisms underlying sex differences in children's play styles, we studied girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) who provide a test of the relative effects of prenatal androgens versus rearing, and of behavioural similarity versus gender identity and cognitions. In this exploratory study, 40 focal children (girls and boys with and without CAH), aged 3-8 years, played for 14 min with a same-sex peer in a task designed to elicit rough-and-tumble play. Time-indexed ratings of positive affect and vigour of activity were evaluated via network mapping for sex-related differences in both levels and play dynamics (temporal relations among behaviours). Results suggest influences of both gender identity-aligned social cognitions and prenatal androgens: there was greater dyadic synchrony between positive affect for girls (regardless of CAH status) than boys, but girls with CAH displayed positive affect levels and directed vigorous peer play dynamics similar to boys.
在研究儿童游戏风格性别差异的潜在机制时，我们对患有先天性肾上腺皮质增生症（CAH）的女孩进行了研究，她们为产前雄激素与养育方式的相对影响，以及行为相似性与性别认同及认知的关系提供了一个检验。在这项探索性研究中，40名3至8岁的重点儿童（患有和未患有CAH的女孩和男孩）在一项旨在引发打闹游戏的任务中与同性同伴玩耍14分钟。通过网络映射评估了积极情绪和活力活动的时间索引评分，以研究性别在水平和游戏动态（行为之间的时间关系）方面的差异。结果表明，性别认同一致的社会认知和产前雄激素都有影响：女孩（无论是否患有CAH）之间积极情绪的二元同步性高于男孩，但患有CAH的女孩表现出的积极情绪水平以及主导的充满活力的同伴游戏动态与男孩相似。
