Haeger Christine, Baldenius Till, Schnitzer Susanne, Jürchott Kathrin, Kuhlmey Adelheid, Blüher Stefan, Schwinger Antje
Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
Wissenschaftliches Institut der AOK (WIdO), Rosenthaler Straße 31, 10178, Berlin, Deutschland.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2025 Feb;58(1):46-54. doi: 10.1007/s00391-024-02344-x. Epub 2024 Aug 27.
The increasing number of care-dependent individuals requires approaches to prevent care dependency or reduce the loss of independence. Long-term care assessments can provide valuable insights into this.
The aim of this article is to describe initial applicants with an identified need for long-term care as well as to provide a differentiated analysis of care-related diagnoses by age, gender, care level and federal state.
The nationwide database consists of long-term care assessments conducted by the Medical Service (MD) of individuals insured with the AOK aged 60 years and above who received a care level (PG) for the first time in 2021. Information relevant to long-term care was analyzed descriptively.
In this study 339,486 individuals with an average age of 79.6 years (±8.4 years) and a female proportion of 59.0% were analyzed. Approximately one half received care level 2 and 32.4% received care level 1. Care levels 3-5 were assessed less frequently (16.2% vs. 4.8% vs. 1.7%, respectively). Individuals living alone were represented more strongly in lower care levels, while individuals not living alone had a higher proportion in care levels 3-5. The most frequent care-relevant diagnoses were senility (R54), polyarthritis (M15) and dementia (F03) with significant differences observed between federal states (ICD-10 R chapter: 0.8% Berlin and Brandenburg vs. 37.9% Saxony; M chapter: 13.6% Bavaria and Hamburg vs. 39.9% Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania).
Social determinants, such as age, gender, living alone, and region can play a role in the classification into a care level. Significant differences in care-related diagnoses between federal states warrant further investigation in future research.
需要护理的人数不断增加，这就需要采取措施来预防护理依赖或减少独立性丧失。长期护理评估可以为此提供有价值的见解。
本文旨在描述已确定有长期护理需求的首次申请人，并按年龄、性别、护理级别和联邦州对与护理相关的诊断进行差异化分析。
全国性数据库由医疗服务机构（MD）对60岁及以上的德国汽车俱乐部（AOK）参保人员进行的长期护理评估组成，这些人员于2021年首次获得护理级别（PG）。对与长期护理相关的信息进行了描述性分析。
本研究分析了339486名个体，平均年龄为79.6岁（±8.4岁），女性比例为59.0%。约一半的人获得了2级护理，32.4%的人获得了1级护理。对3 - 5级护理的评估频率较低（分别为16.2%、4.8%和1.7%）。独居个体在较低护理级别中的占比更高，而非独居个体在3 - 5级护理中的比例更高。最常见的与护理相关的诊断是衰老（R54）、多关节炎（M15）和痴呆（F03），联邦州之间存在显著差异（国际疾病分类第10版R章：柏林和勃兰登堡为0.8%，萨克森为37.9%；M章：巴伐利亚和汉堡为13.6%，梅克伦堡 - 前波美拉尼亚为39.9%）。
年龄、性别、独居和地区等社会决定因素在护理级别分类中可能起作用。联邦州之间与护理相关的诊断存在显著差异，值得未来研究进一步探讨。
