Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nat Hum Behav. 2024 Oct;8(10):1957-1967. doi: 10.1038/s41562-024-01973-x. Epub 2024 Sep 2.
Warning labels from professional fact-checkers are one of the most widely used interventions against online misinformation. But are fact-checker warning labels effective for those who distrust fact-checkers? Here, in a first correlational study (N = 1,000), we validate a measure of trust in fact-checkers. Next, we conduct meta-analyses across 21 experiments (total N = 14,133) in which participants evaluated true and false news posts and were randomized to either see no warning labels or to see warning labels on a high proportion of the false posts. Warning labels were on average effective at reducing belief in (27.6% reduction), and sharing of (24.7% reduction), false headlines. While warning effects were smaller for participants with less trust in fact-checkers, warning labels nonetheless significantly reduced belief in (12.9% reduction), and sharing of (16.7% reduction), false news even for those most distrusting of fact-checkers. These results suggest that fact-checker warning labels are a broadly effective tool for combatting misinformation.
警告标签来自专业的事实核查人员，是对抗网络错误信息最广泛使用的干预措施之一。但是，对于不信任事实核查人员的人来说，事实核查人员的警告标签是否有效呢？在这里，在第一项相关性研究（N=1000）中，我们验证了对事实核查人员的信任的衡量标准。接下来，我们在 21 项实验中进行了荟萃分析（总计 N=14133），其中参与者评估了真实和虚假新闻文章，并随机分配到未看到警告标签或看到大部分虚假文章上有警告标签。平均而言，警告标签可以有效降低对（减少 27.6%）和分享（减少 24.7%）虚假标题的信任。尽管对于不太信任事实核查人员的参与者，警告效果较小，但警告标签仍然可以显著降低对（减少 12.9%）和分享（减少 16.7%）虚假新闻的信任，即使是那些最不信任事实核查人员的人也是如此。这些结果表明，事实核查人员的警告标签是打击错误信息的一种广泛有效的工具。
