Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Al-Buhouth Street, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
Curr Microbiol. 2024 Sep 2;81(10):337. doi: 10.1007/s00284-024-03841-3.
Human enteric and some respiratory viruses are identified to be involved with acute gastroenteritis that can be shed in feces of infected persons into the environment. Understanding the abundance of these viruses in wastewater is significant when assessing the public health impacts associated with discharge of wastewater into the environment. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and seasonal variation of human enteric adenovirus (HAdV), Aichi virus (AiV-1), bocavirus (HBoV), and respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater as well as their prevalence among hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis. The viruses were detected and quantified with real-time PCR. HAdV was the most detected virus in raw sewage (88.5%), treated sewage (28%), and stool gastroenteritis (74%), followed by HBoV (45.8% for raw sewage, 14.6% for treated sewage, and 55.3% for stool samples). The detection rate of AiV-1 was 59.4%, 19.8%, and 62.6% in raw sewage, treated sewage, and stool samples, respectively. The rate of SARS-CoV-2 detection in raw sewage, treated sewage, and stool samples was 33.3%, 7.3%, and 20.6%, respectively. The viral concentrations ranged between 4.50 × 10 and 8.75 × 10 GC/ml in raw sewage samples, 1.20 × 10 and 5.43 × 10 GC/ml in treated sewage samples, and 4.80 × 10 and 9.88 × 10 GC/gram in stool samples. The overall log means of virus reduction during the wastewater treatment process ranged from 1.68 log (HAdV) to 3.31 log (AiV-1). The peak prevalence of the four viruses in raw sewage samples occurred during the winter season. This study showed the high detection rates of the four targeted viruses in wastewater and demonstrated that virological surveillance of wastewater in local wastewater treatment plants is a suitable model for epidemiological monitoring of diarrheal and respiratory diseases in middle- and low-resource countries.
人类肠道病毒和一些呼吸道病毒已被确定与可通过感染者粪便排入环境的急性肠胃炎有关。了解废水中这些病毒的丰度对于评估废水排放对环境造成的公共卫生影响具有重要意义。本研究旨在调查废水中人肠道腺病毒（HAdV）、Aichi 病毒（AiV-1）、博卡病毒（HBoV）和呼吸道综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）的流行率以及它们在急性肠胃炎住院儿童中的流行率。使用实时 PCR 检测和定量这些病毒。在原污水（88.5%）、处理污水（28%）和粪便肠胃炎（74%）中，HAdV 是检测到的最主要病毒，其次是 HBoV（原污水中为 45.8%，处理污水中为 14.6%，粪便样本中为 55.3%）。在原污水、处理污水和粪便样本中，AiV-1 的检测率分别为 59.4%、19.8%和 62.6%。在原污水、处理污水和粪便样本中，SARS-CoV-2 的检测率分别为 33.3%、7.3%和 20.6%。病毒浓度在原污水样本中为 4.50×10 和 8.75×10 GC/ml，在处理污水样本中为 1.20×10 和 5.43×10 GC/ml，在粪便样本中为 4.80×10 和 9.88×10 GC/克。废水处理过程中病毒平均减少量的对数范围为 1.68 对数（HAdV）至 3.31 对数（AiV-1）。四种病毒在原污水样本中的最高检出率出现在冬季。本研究表明，在废水中可高度检测到这四种目标病毒，并且表明对当地污水处理厂废水中病毒的监测是对中低收入国家腹泻和呼吸道疾病进行流行病学监测的合适模型。
