Chen Can, You Yue, Du Yuxia, Zhou Wenkai, Jiang Daixi, Cao Kexin, Yang Mengya, Wu Xiaoyue, Chen Mengsha, Qi Jiaxing, Chen Dingmo, Yan Rui, Yang Shigui, Ji Mingxia, Yan Dong
Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ganzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 8;10(16):e35841. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35841. eCollection 2024 Aug 30.
The aim of this study was to investigate the global epidemiological trends in the incidence and deaths of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), encompassing both upper respiratory infections (URIs) and lower respiratory infections (LRIs), from 1990 to 2021. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021 (GBD 2021), we utilized the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to examine the trends in the age-standardized incidence rate and deaths rate (ASIR and ASDRs) of URIs and LRIs. In 2021, the global ASIR of URIs and LRIs were 166,770.73 (95 % UI: 148,098.16-189,487.93) per 100,000 and 4283.61 (95 % UI: 4057.03-4524.89) per 100,000, respectively. The highest ASIR of URIs occurred in high-sociodemographic index (SDI) regions (232744.64, 95 % UI: 206887.07-261694.81) per 100,000, whereas LRIs occurred in low-SDI regions (9261.1, 95 % UI: 8741.61-9820.86) per 100,000. In 2021, the global ASDRs of URIs and LRIs were 0.28 (95 % UI: 0.09-0.61) per 100,000 and 28.67 (95 % UI: 25.92-31.07) per 100,000, respectively. The highest ASDRs of both URIs and LRIs were observed in low-SDI regions, with 1.1 (95 % UI: 0.08-2.78) per 100,000 and 70.68 (95 % UI: 62.56-78.62) per 100,000, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the global ASIR for URIs and LRIs decreased, with AAPCs of -0.17 % (95 % CI: 0.17 % to -0.16 %) and -1.28 % (95 % CI: -1.37 % to -1.22 %), respectively. The global ASDRs also decreased (-3.39 % for URIs; -2.46 % for LRIs). However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the ASIR of URIs increased in many countries, especially in high-SDI regions (rate difference before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in ASIR was 2210.19 per 100,000.) and low-SDI regions (rate difference in ASIR: 111.26 per 100,000). The global incidence and deaths related to ARIs have decreased over the past 32 years. However, it remains a significant public health concern, particularly due to the notable incidence of URIs in high SDI regions and the deaths associated with both URIs and LRIs in low SDI regions. Furthermore, an increase in the incidence of URIs was observed in both high- and low-SDI regions during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for increased attention.
本研究的目的是调查1990年至2021年期间急性呼吸道感染（ARI）（包括上呼吸道感染（URI）和下呼吸道感染（LRI））发病率和死亡的全球流行病学趋势。利用2021年全球疾病负担研究（GBD 2021）的数据，我们使用平均年度百分比变化（AAPC）来研究URI和LRI的年龄标准化发病率和死亡率（ASIR和ASDRs）趋势。2021年，全球URI和LRI的ASIR分别为每10万人166,770.73（95%UI：148,098.16 - 189,487.93）和每10万人4283.61（95%UI：4057.03 - 4524.89）。URI的最高ASIR出现在高社会人口学指数（SDI）地区（每10万人232744.64，95%UI：206887.07 - 261694.81），而LRI出现在低SDI地区（每10万人9261.1，95%UI：8741.61 - 9820.86）。2021年，全球URI和LRI的ASDRs分别为每10万人0.28（95%UI：0.09 - 0.61）和每10万人28.67（95%UI：25.92 - 31.07）。URI和LRI的最高ASDRs均出现在低SDI地区，分别为每10万人1.1（95%UI：0.08 - 2.78）和每10万人70.68（95%UI：62.56 - 78.62）。从1990年到2021年，全球URI和LRI的ASIR下降，AAPC分别为 - 0.17%（95%CI： - 0.17%至 - 0.16%）和 - 1.28%（95%CI： - 1.37%至 - 1.22%）。全球ASDRs也有所下降（URI为 - 3.39%；LRI为 - 2.46%）。然而，在新冠疫情期间，许多国家的URI的ASIR有所增加，特别是在高SDI地区（新冠疫情前和期间ASIR的率差为每10万人2210.19）和低SDI地区（ASIR的率差：每10万人111.26）。在过去32年中，全球与ARI相关的发病率和死亡率有所下降。然而，它仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题，特别是由于高SDI地区URI的显著发病率以及低SDI地区与URI和LRI相关的死亡。此外，在新冠疫情期间，高SDI地区和低SDI地区的URI发病率均有所增加，凸显了需要更多关注。
