NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Aug 19;15:1423263. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423263. eCollection 2024.
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has dramatically reduced mortality in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but it does not completely eradicate the virus from the brain. Patients with long-term HIV-1 infection often show neurocognitive impairment, which severely affects the quality of life of those infected. Methamphetamine (METH) users are at a significantly higher risk of contracting HIV-1 through behaviors such as engaging in high-risk sex or sharing needles, which can lead to transmission of the virus. In addition, HIV-1-infected individuals who abuse METH exhibit higher viral loads and more severe cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that METH exacerbates the neurotoxicity associated with HIV-1. Therefore, this review focuses on various mechanisms underlying METH and HIV-1 infection co-induced neurotoxicity and existing interventions targeting the sigma 1 receptor, dopamine transporter protein, and other relevant targets are explored. The findings of this review are envisaged to systematically establish a theoretical framework for METH abuse and HIV-1 infection co-induced neurotoxicity, and to suggest novel clinical treatment targets.
联合抗逆转录病毒疗法（cART）显著降低了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者的死亡率，但它并不能完全从大脑中清除病毒。长期感染 HIV-1 的患者常出现神经认知障碍，严重影响感染者的生活质量。通过高危性行为或共用针头，使用冰毒（METH）的人感染 HIV-1 的风险显著增加，这可能导致病毒传播。此外，滥用 METH 的 HIV-1 感染者表现出更高的病毒载量和更严重的认知功能障碍，表明 METH 加剧了与 HIV-1 相关的神经毒性。因此，本综述重点关注 METH 和 HIV-1 感染共同诱导的神经毒性的各种机制，并探讨针对 sigma 1 受体、多巴胺转运蛋白和其他相关靶点的现有干预措施。预计本综述的研究结果将为 METH 滥用和 HIV-1 感染共同诱导的神经毒性建立一个系统的理论框架，并为新的临床治疗靶点提供建议。
