Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
Mol Pharm. 2024 Oct 7;21(10):4804-4826. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00495. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
Atherosclerosis is a vascular intima condition in which any part of the circulatory system is affected, including the aorta and coronary arteries. Indocyanine green (ICG), a theranostic compound approved by the FDA, has shown promise in the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis after incorporation into nanoplatforms. By integration of ICG with targeting agents such as peptides or antibodies, it is feasible to increase its concentration in damaged arteries, hence increasing atherosclerosis detection. Nanotheranostics offers cutting-edge techniques for the clinical diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerotic plaques. Combining the optical properties of ICG with those of nanocarriers enables the improved imaging of atherosclerotic plaques and targeted therapeutic interventions. Several ICG-based nanotheranostics platforms have been developed such as polymeric nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, biomimetic systems, liposomes, peptide-based systems, etc. Theranostics for atherosclerosis diagnosis use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging techniques. In addition to imaging, there is growing interest in employing ICG to treat atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide a conceptual explanation of ICG-based nanotheranostics for the imaging and therapy of coronary atherosclerosis. Moreover, advancements in imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound/photoacoustic have been discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the applications of ICG for coronary atherosclerosis.
动脉粥样硬化是一种血管内膜疾病，可影响循环系统的任何部位，包括主动脉和冠状动脉。吲哚菁绿（ICG）是一种经 FDA 批准的治疗用诊断试剂化合物，在整合到纳米平台后，在治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化方面显示出了潜力。通过将 ICG 与靶向剂（如肽或抗体）结合，可以增加其在受损动脉中的浓度，从而提高动脉粥样硬化的检测。纳米治疗学为动脉粥样硬化斑块的临床诊断和治疗提供了前沿技术。将 ICG 的光学特性与纳米载体的特性相结合，能够改善动脉粥样硬化斑块的成像和靶向治疗干预。已经开发了几种基于 ICG 的纳米治疗学平台，如聚合物纳米粒子、氧化铁纳米粒子、仿生系统、脂质体、基于肽的系统等。用于动脉粥样硬化诊断的治疗学使用磁共振成像（MRI）、计算机断层扫描（CT）、近红外荧光（NIRF）成像、光声/超声成像、正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）成像技术。除了成像之外，人们越来越感兴趣地将 ICG 用于治疗动脉粥样硬化。在这篇综述中，我们提供了一个概念性的解释，说明基于 ICG 的纳米治疗学在冠状动脉粥样硬化的成像和治疗中的应用。此外，还讨论了 MRI、CT、PET、SPECT 和超声/光声等成像方式的进展。此外，我们还强调了 ICG 在冠状动脉粥样硬化中的应用。
