Anayyat Umer, Ahad Faiza, Fordil Bushra Muhammad, Hameed Hajra, Li Mengqing, Yu Qinyao, Wei Yunpeng, Wang Xiaomei
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2025;24(3):165-180. doi: 10.2174/0118715273318429240812094557.
In this review, we have discussed the invasive and non-invasive treatment options for Parkinson's Disease (PD) following their safety, specificity, and reliability. Initially, this study has highlighted the invasive treatment options and the side effects they possess. A deep understanding of L-Dopa treatment, as oral or infusion, and the use of dopamine agonists has indicated that there is a need to acquire an alternative treatment for PD. The combined therapy with L-Dopa has been proven to affect PD, but with some limitations, such as mild to chronic side effects, with particular requirements of age and health of the patient and a large amount of expenditure. In the discussion of noninvasive methods to treat PD, we have found that this approach is comparatively slow and requires repetitive sessions, but is safe, effective, and reliable at any stage of PD. Electroconvulsive therapy has revealed its effectiveness in various neurological diseases, including PD. Transcranial current stimulation (direct or alternative) has already been shown to have an alleviative response to PD symptoms. Transcranial magnetic stimulations and other strategies of using the magnetic field for potential treatment options for PD need to be explored further imminently.
在本综述中，我们根据帕金森病（PD）的侵入性和非侵入性治疗方案的安全性、特异性和可靠性进行了讨论。最初，本研究强调了侵入性治疗方案及其所具有的副作用。对左旋多巴口服或输液治疗以及多巴胺激动剂的使用的深入了解表明，需要为帕金森病寻求替代治疗方法。左旋多巴联合治疗已被证明对帕金森病有影响，但存在一些局限性，如轻度至慢性副作用、对患者年龄和健康状况有特定要求以及费用高昂。在讨论治疗帕金森病的非侵入性方法时，我们发现这种方法相对较慢，需要重复疗程，但在帕金森病的任何阶段都是安全、有效且可靠的。电惊厥疗法已显示出其在包括帕金森病在内的各种神经系统疾病中的有效性。经颅电流刺激（直接或交替）已被证明对帕金森病症状有缓解作用。经颅磁刺激以及使用磁场作为帕金森病潜在治疗选择的其他策略迫切需要进一步探索。
