Di Martino Roberto M R, Gurrieri Sergio, Paonita Antonio, Caliro Stefano, Santi Alessandro
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Naples, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 3;14(1):20483. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71348-9.
In the lower atmosphere, CO emissions impact human health and ecosystems, making data at this level essential for addressing carbon-cycle and public-health questions. The atmospheric concentration of CO is crucial in urban areas due to its connection with air quality, pollution, and climate change, becoming a pivotal parameter for environmental management and public safety. In volcanic zones, geogenic CO profoundly affects the environment, although hydrocarbon combustion is the primary driver of increased atmospheric CO and global warming. Distinguishing geogenic from anthropogenic emissions is challenging, especially through air CO concentration measurements alone. This study presents survey results on the stable isotope composition of carbon and oxygen in CO and airborne CO concentration in Naples' urban area, including the Campi Flegrei caldera, a widespread hydrothermal/volcanic zone in the metropolitan area. Over the past 50 years, two major volcanic unrests (1969-72 and 1982-84) were monitored using seismic, deformation, and geochemical data. Since 2005, this area has experienced ongoing unrest, involving the pressurization of the underlying hydrothermal system as a causal factor of the current uplift in the Pozzuoli area and the increased CO emissions in the atmosphere. To better understand CO emission dynamics and to quantify its volcanic origin a mobile laboratory was used. Results show that CO levels in Naples' urban area exceed background atmospheric levels, indicating an anthropogenic origin from fossil fuel combustion. Conversely, in Pozzuoli's urban area, the stable isotope composition reveals a volcanic origin of the airborne CO. This study emphasizes the importance of monitoring stable isotopes of atmospheric CO, especially in volcanic areas, contributing valuable insights for environmental and public health management.
在低层大气中，一氧化碳（CO）排放会影响人类健康和生态系统，因此该层面的数据对于解决碳循环和公共卫生问题至关重要。由于CO与空气质量、污染及气候变化相关，其在城市地区的大气浓度至关重要，成为环境管理和公共安全的关键参数。在火山区域，地质成因的CO对环境有深远影响，尽管碳氢化合物燃烧是大气CO增加和全球变暖的主要驱动因素。区分地质成因排放和人为排放具有挑战性，尤其是仅通过空气中CO浓度测量来区分。本研究展示了那不勒斯市区（包括坎皮佛莱格瑞火山口，该市区一个广泛分布的热液/火山区域）CO中碳和氧的稳定同位素组成以及空气中CO浓度的调查结果。在过去50年里，利用地震、形变和地球化学数据监测了两次主要的火山活动（1969 - 1972年和1982 - 1984年）。自2005年以来，该区域持续动荡，涉及地下热液系统增压，这是波佐利地区当前地面隆起和大气中CO排放增加的一个成因。为更好地理解CO排放动态并量化其火山成因，使用了一个移动实验室。结果表明，那不勒斯市区的CO水平超过大气背景水平，表明其源于化石燃料燃烧的人为排放。相反，在波佐利市区，稳定同位素组成显示空气中的CO源于火山。本研究强调了监测大气CO稳定同位素的重要性，尤其是在火山地区，为环境和公共卫生管理提供了有价值的见解。
