Department of Physical Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China.
J Sports Sci Med. 2024 Sep 1;23(1):571-580. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2024.571. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Basketball victory relies on an athlete's skill to make precise shots at different distances. While extensive research has explored the kinematics and dynamics of different shooting distances, the specific neuromuscular control strategies involved remain elusive. This study aimed to compare the differences in muscle synergies during basketball shooting at different distances, offering insights into neuromuscular control strategies and guiding athletes' training. Ten skilled shooting right-handed male basketball players participated as subjects in this experiment. Electromyographic (EMG) data for full-phase shooting were acquired at short (3.2 m), middle (5.0 m), and long (6.8 m) distances. Non-negative matrix decomposition extracted muscle synergies (motor modules and motor primitives) during shooting. The results of this study show that all three distance shooting can be broken down into three synergies and that there were differences in the synergies between short and long distances, with differences in motor primitive 1 and motor primitive 2 at the phase of 45% - 59% ( < 0.001, = 4.418), and 78% - 88% ( < 0.01, = 4.579), respectively, and differences in the motor module 3 found in the differences in muscle weights for rectus femoris (RF) ( = 0.001, = -2.094), and gastrocnemius lateral (GL) ( = 0.001, = -2.083). Shooting distance doesn't affect the number of muscle synergies in basketball shooting but alters synergy patterns. During long distance shooting training, basketball players should place more emphasis on the timing and synergistic activation of upper and lower limbs, as well as core muscles.
篮球的胜利依赖于运动员在不同距离下精准投篮的技巧。虽然广泛的研究已经探索了不同投篮距离的运动学和动力学，但涉及的具体神经肌肉控制策略仍然难以捉摸。本研究旨在比较不同距离篮球投篮过程中肌肉协同作用的差异，深入了解神经肌肉控制策略，指导运动员的训练。本实验招募了 10 名熟练的右手投篮男性篮球运动员作为研究对象。在短距离（3.2 米）、中距离（5.0 米）和长距离（6.8 米）投篮时，采集完整相位投篮的肌电图（EMG）数据。非负矩阵分解提取投篮过程中的肌肉协同作用（运动模块和运动原语）。研究结果表明，所有三种距离的投篮都可以分解为三个协同作用，并且短距离和长距离之间的协同作用存在差异，在 45% - 59%（ < 0.001， = 4.418）和 78% - 88%（ < 0.01， = 4.579）的相位，运动原语 1 和运动原语 2 存在差异，在差异的肌肉权重中发现运动模块 3，股直肌（RF）（ = 0.001， = -2.094）和外侧比目鱼肌（GL）（ = 0.001， = -2.083）。投篮距离不影响篮球投篮中肌肉协同作用的数量，但会改变协同作用模式。在长距离投篮训练中，篮球运动员应更加注重上下肢以及核心肌肉的协同作用和协同激活的时机。
