Gioria Roberto, Selleri Tommaso, Giechaskiel Barouch, Franzetti Jacopo, Ferrarese Christian, Melas Anastasios, Forloni Fabrizio, Suarez-Bertoa Ricardo, Perujo Adolfo
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy.
European Environment Agency (EEA), 1050 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Transp Res D Transp Environ. 2024 Sep;134:104349. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104349.
This study compares emissions from Euro VI-D Diesel and CNG buses across temperatures from -7 °C to 35 °C. Pollutants including NOx, THC, CH, CO, NH, NO, HCHO, Solid Particle Number larger than 23 nm (SPN23) and larger than 10 nm (SPN10) were measured. Both buses complied with Euro VI-D but exceeded European Commission's proposed Euro 7 limits, notably for NOx and SPN10. The CNG bus also surpassed NH, CO, and CH limits, while the Diesel exceeded NO limits. High NH emissions were observed from CNG (up to 0.320 g/kWh), with Diesel reporting lower levels (up to 0.021 g/kWh). HCHO emission from both vehicles were very low. SPN23 was under limits, but SPN10 exceeded Euro 7 limits at cold start tests. CNG's CH and NO emissions constituted up to 4.6% and 3.5% of CO equivalent, respectively. Diesel bus showed negligible CH but NO emissions represented up to 37% of CO equivalent.
本研究比较了欧Ⅵ-D柴油公交车和压缩天然气（CNG）公交车在-7℃至35℃温度范围内的排放情况。测量了包括氮氧化物（NOx）、总碳氢化合物（THC）、碳氢化合物（CH）、一氧化碳（CO）、氨（NH）、一氧化氮（NO）、甲醛（HCHO）、粒径大于23纳米的固体颗粒数（SPN23）和大于10纳米的固体颗粒数（SPN10）等污染物。两种公交车均符合欧Ⅵ-D标准，但均超过了欧盟委员会提议的欧7标准，尤其是在氮氧化物和SPN10方面。CNG公交车还超过了氨、一氧化碳和碳氢化合物的限值，而柴油公交车超过了一氧化氮的限值。观察到CNG公交车的氨排放量很高（高达0.320克/千瓦时），柴油公交车的氨排放量较低（高达0.021克/千瓦时）。两种车辆的甲醛排放量都非常低。SPN23低于限值，但在冷启动测试中，SPN10超过了欧7标准。CNG公交车的碳氢化合物和一氧化氮排放量分别占一氧化碳当量的4.6%和3.5%。柴油公交车的碳氢化合物排放量可忽略不计，但一氧化氮排放量占一氧化碳当量的比例高达37%。
