College of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Aug 19;12:1359701. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1359701. eCollection 2024.
The aim of this study was to assess temporal changes in physical fitness of Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 years from 1985 to 2019.
Body size /composition and physical fitness indicators, including body height, weight, body mass index (BMI), speed, power, flexibility, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), were selected from Chinese boys and girls aged 13-18 years from eight Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health from 1985 to 2019. Temporal changes in means were estimated by sample-weighted linear regression at the test × sex × age level, and national trends were estimated by a post-stratification population weighting procedure.
Overall mean body height, weight and BMI increased significantly for Chinese adolescents over 34 years. There was a small improvement for boys in speed (Effect size [ES] = -0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.44 ~ 0.02), a small improvement for boys in power (ES = 0.24, 95% CI = -0.20 ~ 0.69), a small improvement for girls in flexibility (ES = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.15 ~ 0.76), a moderate decline for boys (ES = -0.53 95% CI = -0.84 ~ -0.21) and a moderate improvement for girls (ES = 0.61, 95% CI = -0.03 ~ 1.26) in muscular endurance, and large declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) for boys (ES = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.64 ~ 1.21) and girls (ES = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.58 ~ 1.27) from 1985 to 2019. These trends in each component of fitness were more positive for adolescents aged 13-15 years than that of adolescents aged 16-18 years in both sexes, except for girls in flexibility.
The decline in CRF was most pronounced among Chinese children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019, suggesting a future decline in population health that needs attention.
本研究旨在评估 1985 年至 2019 年期间中国 13-18 岁青少年身体素质的时间变化。
从 1985 年至 2019 年的八项中国学生体质与健康监测中，选取了 13-18 岁中国男女生的身体尺寸/组成和身体素质指标，包括身高、体重、体重指数（BMI）、速度、力量、柔韧性、肌肉耐力和心肺功能（CRF）。在测试×性别×年龄水平上，通过样本加权线性回归估计平均值的时间变化，并通过后分层人口加权程序估计全国趋势。
34 年来，中国青少年的平均身高、体重和 BMI 总体呈显著增长趋势。男孩的速度略有提高（效应量 [ES] = -0.21，95%置信区间 [CI] = -0.440.02），男孩的力量略有提高（ES = 0.24，95%CI = -0.200.69），女孩的柔韧性略有提高（ES = 0.45，95%CI = 0.150.76），男孩的肌肉耐力略有下降（ES = -0.53，95%CI = -0.84-0.21），女孩的肌肉耐力略有提高（ES = 0.61，95%CI = -0.031.26），男孩的心肺功能（CRF）大幅下降（ES = 0.93，95%CI = 0.641.21），女孩的心肺功能（CRF）大幅下降（ES = 0.93，95%CI = 0.58~1.27）。从 1985 年到 2019 年，在速度、力量、柔韧性、肌肉耐力和心肺功能等身体素质方面，13-15 岁青少年的趋势比 16-18 岁青少年更为积极，除了女孩的柔韧性。
从 1985 年到 2019 年，中国儿童和青少年的 CRF 下降最为明显，这表明未来人口健康状况可能会下降，需要引起关注。
