Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024 Jun;34(6):e14669. doi: 10.1111/sms.14669.
The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trends in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019.
A total of 1 840 212 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years (921 223 boys) were tested for CRF from 1985 to 2019. CRF was tested by 50-m × 8 shuttle run for boys and girls aged 7-12 years, 1000-m run for boys aged 13-18 years, and 800-m run for girls aged 13-18 years. Trends in BMI from 2000 to 2019 were also investigated.
Cardiorespiratory fitness decreased during the entire 34 years among children and adolescents in all sex and age categories, and the most rapid decline occurred from 1995 to 2005. Some positive trends in CRF were observed among adolescents aged 13-15 years from 2005 to 2019 and among girls aged 16-18 years from 2014 to 2019. The variation in the CRF distribution was not uniform, with Z-scores for participants with high CRF levels changing little or increasing (CRF stabilized or improved) and Z-scores for participants with low CRF levels continuing to decrease (CRF decreased). BMI increased over time for boys and girls in all age categories, with an acceleration of the increase for adolescents in recent years.
This study revealed that the overall CRF levels of Chinese children and adolescents decreased over three decades but stabilized or improved in recent years. BMI continued to increase. Our findings are important for the focus on future domestic physical fitness and public health.
本研究旨在分析 1985 年至 2019 年期间儿童和青少年的心肺功能（CRF）和体重指数（BMI）的时间趋势。
本研究共纳入了 1840212 名 7-18 岁的儿童和青少年（921223 名男性），他们在 1985 年至 2019 年期间接受了 CRF 测试。CRF 通过 50 米×8 折返跑（适用于 7-12 岁的男童和女童）、1000 米跑（适用于 13-18 岁的男童）和 800 米跑（适用于 13-18 岁的女童）进行测试。还研究了 2000 年至 2019 年期间 BMI 的变化趋势。
在所有性别和年龄组的儿童和青少年中，整个 34 年间 CRF 持续下降，而从 1995 年至 2005 年下降速度最快。从 2005 年至 2019 年，13-15 岁青少年和 2014 年至 2019 年的 16-18 岁女孩的 CRF 呈上升趋势。CRF 分布的变化并不均匀，高 CRF 水平参与者的 Z 分数变化较小或增加（CRF 稳定或改善），低 CRF 水平参与者的 Z 分数继续下降（CRF 下降）。男孩和女孩在所有年龄组的 BMI 随时间增加，近年来青少年的增加速度加快。
本研究表明，中国儿童和青少年的整体 CRF 水平在过去 30 年中有所下降，但近年来趋于稳定或改善。BMI 持续增加。我们的研究结果对未来国内体质健康和公共卫生的关注具有重要意义。
