Mulugeta Tesfaye, Abate Alemu, Tadesse Wuletaw, Bezabih Woldeyohannes Aemiro, Tefera Neway, Shiferaw Wondwosen, Tiruneh Altaye
Plant Breeding Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia.
Department of Plant Sciences, Bahirdar University, Bahirdar, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 10;10(16):e36062. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36062. eCollection 2024 Aug 30.
Wheat is an important crop for food security, providing a source of protein and energy for the growing population in Ethiopia. However, both biotic and abiotic factors limit national wheat productivity. The availability of genetically diverse wheat genotypes is crucial for developing new wheat varieties that are both high-yielding and resilient to stress. Therefore, this field trial aimed to assess phenotypic variation and relationship among ICARDA-derived bread wheat genotypes using multivariate analysis techniques. The trial was conducted at three locations: Enewari, Wogere, and Kulumsa using an alpha lattice design with two replications during the main cropping seasons of 2022 and 2023. Phenotypic data on eight agronomic traits and the severity of yellow rust were collected and R programming was used for data analysis. Individual and combined location data analysis of variance showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among genotypes for most of the studied traits. The highest heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of the mean were observed in days to heading (90.8, 21.29), plant height (72.4, 28.6), seeds per spike (61.7, 28), thousand kernel weight (61.9, 12), and area under the disease progress curve (67, 39.8), suggesting a predominance of additive gene action. Grain yield showed a strong positive correlation with days to maturity, plant height, spike length, spikelet per spike, and thousand kernel weight for each location. Dendrogram and phylogenetic tree methods were used to group genotypes into four genetically distinct clusters. Cluster II and III had the greatest inter-cluster distance, indicating higher diversity among their genotypes. This study identified new candidate genotypes with superior agronomic performance, high grain yield traits, and robust resistance to yellow rust, making them valuable for both current and future wheat breeding programs. Additionally, the comprehensive dataset produced in this study could facilitate the identification of genetic variations influencing desirable traits through genome-wide association analysis.
小麦是保障粮食安全的重要作物，为埃塞俄比亚不断增长的人口提供蛋白质和能量来源。然而，生物和非生物因素都限制了该国的小麦产量。拥有遗传多样的小麦基因型对于培育高产且抗逆的新小麦品种至关重要。因此，本田间试验旨在使用多变量分析技术评估源自国际干旱地区农业研究中心（ICARDA）的面包小麦基因型之间的表型变异及关系。该试验于2022年和2023年的主要种植季节在三个地点进行：埃内瓦里、沃盖雷和库卢姆萨，采用α格子设计，重复两次。收集了关于八个农艺性状和条锈病严重程度的表型数据，并使用R编程进行数据分析。对各个地点和合并地点的数据进行方差分析表明，在大多数研究性状的基因型之间存在显著差异（p≤0.05）。抽穗天数（90.8，21.29）、株高（72.4，28.6）、每穗粒数（61.7，28）、千粒重（61.9，12）和病情指数曲线下面积（67，39.8）的遗传力和遗传进度占均值的百分比最高，表明加性基因作用占主导。每个地点的籽粒产量与成熟天数、株高、穗长、每穗小穗数和千粒重呈强正相关。采用树形图和系统发育树方法将基因型分为四个遗传上不同的簇。簇II和簇III的簇间距离最大，表明其基因型之间的多样性更高。本研究鉴定出了具有优异农艺性能、高籽粒产量性状和对条锈病有强抗性的新候选基因型，使其对当前和未来的小麦育种计划都具有价值。此外，本研究产生的综合数据集有助于通过全基因组关联分析识别影响理想性状的遗传变异。
