Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health - São Leopoldo (RS), Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry - Florianópolis (SC), Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2024 Aug 30;27:e240042. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720240042. eCollection 2024.
To investigate inequalities related to race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status in self-reported positive diagnosis for COVID-19 in Brazilian adults.
Data available from the National Household Sample Survey COVID-19 (PNAD COVID 19) (July/September/November, 2020) were used in this retrospective investigation. The analyses considered the sampling design, primary sampling units, strata and sample weights. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate prevalence ratio (PR) and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of the associations.
In July, September and November 2020, with regard to the rapid test, indigenous people were 2.45 (95%CI 1.48-4.08), 2.53 (95%CI 1.74-4.41) and 1.23 (95%CI 1.11-1.86) times more likely to report a positive history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. With regard to the RT-PCR test in November, indigenous people were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 (PR: 1.90; 95%CI 1.07-3.38). It was observed that the indigenous group was 1.86 (95%CI 1.05-3.29) and 2.11 (95%CI 1.12-3.59) times more likely to test positive for COVID-19 in September and November (2020). Income was associated with testing positive for COVID-19: in November, individuals whose income ranged from R$0.00-R$1.044 were more likely (PR: 1.69; 95%CI 1.16-23.06) to test positive using the RT-PCR test; participants whose income was in this range were also more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19 using blood tests (PR: 1.72; 95%CI 1.43-2.07).
The data presented show an association between race/ethnicity and economic status with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19.
调查巴西成年人自我报告的 COVID-19 阳性诊断与种族/民族和社会经济地位相关的不平等现象。
本回顾性研究使用了 2020 年 7 月/9 月/11 月全国家庭抽样调查 COVID-19（PNAD COVID 19）的数据。分析考虑了抽样设计、初级抽样单位、层和样本权重。使用泊松回归稳健方差来估计关联的患病率比（PR）和 95%置信区间（95%CI）。
在 2020 年 7 月、9 月和 11 月，快速检测结果显示，土著人报告 SARS-CoV-2 感染史阳性的可能性分别为 2.45（95%CI 1.48-4.08）、2.53（95%CI 1.74-4.41）和 1.23（95%CI 1.11-1.86）倍。在 11 月的 RT-PCR 检测中，土著人更有可能检测出 COVID-19 阳性（PR：1.90；95%CI 1.07-3.38）。观察到，9 月和 11 月（2020 年），土著群体检测 COVID-19 阳性的可能性分别为 1.86（95%CI 1.05-3.29）和 2.11（95%CI 1.12-3.59）倍。收入与 COVID-19 检测阳性相关：11 月，收入在 0.00 至 1.044 雷亚尔之间的个体更有可能通过 RT-PCR 检测呈阳性（PR：1.69；95%CI 1.16-23.06）；收入在该范围内的参与者也更有可能通过血液检测被诊断为 COVID-19（PR：1.72；95%CI 1.43-2.07）。
所呈现的数据表明，种族/民族和经济状况与 COVID-19 的阳性诊断之间存在关联。
