Chen Sheng-Yi, Chiang I-Chen, Chen Ying-Ying, Hsu Yi-Hsien, Yen Gow-Chin
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
Food Res Int. 2024 Oct;194:114907. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114907. Epub 2024 Aug 11.
Methylglyoxal (MG) serves as the primary precursor for the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and DNA, leading to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Regular intake of dietary MG is strongly correlated with low-grade inflammation, potentially accelerating the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cancers, liver diseases, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, aging, and bone loss. Although pharmaceutical agents (pimagedine and candesartan) have been developed to inhibit MG formation, they often come with serious side effects (nausea, diarrhea, headache, gastrointestinal disturbance, symptomatic hypotension, abnormal renal and liver function tests, development of antinuclear antibody, pernicious-like anemia, and hyperkalemia), highlighting the need for an efficient and safe approach to scavenging MG. Phyllanthus emblica Linn fruit, a nutritious edible fruit, and medicinal plant contains over 300 bioactive compounds. Among twenty-three herbals, 100 μg/mL of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruit (APF) exhibits the highest potency in trapping MG, achieving an 87.3 % reduction under d-fructose induced BSA-AGEs formation. However, there are few reports detailing APF and its related foods' specific impact on disease prevention through MG trapping. This review summarizes the mechanisms through which MG is linked to the development of metabolic diseases and provides several strategies for reducing MG levels using APF and its bioactive compounds. The potential antiglycation properties of APF may offer new applications in the food industry and pharmacological research.
甲基乙二醛（MG）是蛋白质和DNA非酶糖基化的主要前体，会导致晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）的形成。经常摄入膳食中的MG与低度炎症密切相关，可能会加速包括肥胖症、糖尿病、癌症、肝脏疾病、阿尔茨海默病、心血管疾病、衰老和骨质流失在内的代谢性疾病的发病进程。尽管已经开发出药物制剂（吡马地尔和坎地沙坦）来抑制MG的形成，但它们往往伴有严重的副作用（恶心、腹泻、头痛、胃肠道紊乱、症状性低血压、肾功能和肝功能检查异常、抗核抗体的产生、恶性贫血样贫血和高钾血症），这凸显了需要一种高效且安全的清除MG的方法。余甘子果实是一种营养丰富的可食用水果和药用植物，含有300多种生物活性化合物。在23种草药中，100μg/mL的余甘子果实水提取物（APF）在捕获MG方面表现出最高的效力，在d-果糖诱导的牛血清白蛋白-AGEs形成过程中可实现87.3%的降低。然而，很少有报告详细说明APF及其相关食物通过捕获MG对疾病预防的具体影响。本综述总结了MG与代谢性疾病发展相关的机制，并提供了几种使用APF及其生物活性化合物降低MG水平的策略。APF潜在的抗糖基化特性可能在食品工业和药理学研究中提供新的应用。
